1 Effective Use of Presentation Modality and Feedback in Student Learning of Microsoft Excel By Patrick Logue, Ed D And Nancy Maushak, Ph D

2 Background of the Study The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of two presentation modalities (text with picture and text with video) that have built-in feedback or no feedback and determined how they affect student learning on Microsoft Excel. 2

3 Presentation Modality on Student Learning Multimedia within an instruction can assist student learning (Mayer, 2001) One concept per web page (Miller, 1956) Interpretation of the information on the screen (Sweller, 2004) Dual-Coding can assist in retaining information (Paivio, 1971)

Text with Picture Very effective for identifying the application’s tools and the different parts of its interface. Not effective in explaining a process in one screen (maybe in several screen shots that has a step-by-step process). 4

Microsoft Excel's User Interface Active cell – the cell in which you are currently working. A dark border outlines the cell. Column headings – the letters that appear along the top of the worksheet window. Row headings – the numbers that appear along the left side of the worksheet window. Formula bar – the bar located immediately below the toolbars that displays the contents of the active cell. Name box – The box that displays the cell reference or the location of the active cell in the workbook window.

Text with Video Excellent in explaining a continuous process. Not effective identifying parts of an interface or an application’s tools (too fast, like a flash card). 6

SUM Function The most common function in Excel is the SUM function. Adding up a small number of cells is =A1+A2+A3+A4, but that method would take forever if you were adding up 100 cells. Instead use the SUM function to total the values in a range of cells.

8 Feedback on Student Learning Feedback assists in the retention of new knowledge. Feedback – “How am I doing?” Motivation Feedback is any information that allows learners to judge the quality of his or her performance (Wagner, 1994).

No Feedback Practice with no feedback Student does not know if he or she answered the question correctly. 9

Auto Fill When you need to copy and paste a large number of rows or columns, you can use a technique called Auto Fill by using the fill handle. The fill handle is a small black square located in the lower-right corner of a selected cell or range. The fill handle enables you to copy the contents of the selected cells simply by dragging the fill handle over another adjacent cell or range of cells rather than Copying and Pasting. Next

Please answer this question by clicking on one of the choices listed below that you believe is the correct response. The small black box you see in the corner of the active cell is called a ____. A.) handle B.) fill handle C.) pull handle D.) pull box

The Save As dialog box The Save As dialog box opens with the current workbook name, which is the default filename “Book1”, in the File name text box.

Feedback Practice with feedback. Student knows that he or she answered the question correctly. Feedback reinforces knowledge. 13

Text with Picture and Feedback 14

Auto Fill When you need to copy and paste a large number of rows or columns, you can use a technique called Auto Fill by using the fill handle. The fill handle is a small black square located in the lower-right corner of a selected cell or range. The fill handle enables you to copy the contents of the selected cells simply by dragging the fill handle over another adjacent cell or range of cells rather than Copying and Pasting. Next

Please answer this question by clicking on one of the choices listed below that you believe is the correct response. The small black box you see in the corner of the active cell is called a ____. A.) handle B.) fill handle C.) pull handle D.) pull box

17 I'm sorry, that was not the correct choice. Continue The small black box you see in the corner of the active cell is called a fill handle.

18 That is correct!! The small black box you see in the corner of the active cell is called a fill handle. Continue

The Save As dialog box The Save As dialog box opens with the current workbook name, which is the default filename “Book1”, in the File name text box.

Text with Video and Feedback 20

Microsoft Excel Next To start Excel on your computer: 1. Click on the Start button, then 2. All Programs and then 3. Microsoft Office and then 4. Click on Microsoft Office Excel 2003

Please answer this question by clicking on one of the choices listed below that you believe is the correct response. To open Microsoft Excel, click the Start button, point to ____, then point to Microsoft Office. A.)Applications B.)Spreadsheets C.)All Programs D.)Operating Systems

I'm sorry, that was not the correct choice. To open Microsoft Excel, click the Start button, point to All Programs, then point to Microsoft Office. Continue

That is correct!! To open Microsoft Excel, click the Start button, point to All Programs, then point to Microsoft Office. Continue

Creating the Instruction Microsoft FrontPage – –Used to create the web pages and instruction. Text Pictures – –Screen shots with textboxes –Course Technology’s (publisher) pictures from textbook and instructor’s resource CD –Microsoft Picture Manager 25

Creating the Instruction Video – –Camtasia –No audio or sound Layout –One concept or skill per screen –Text placed on left side of screen –Picture or video placed on right side of screen. 26

Creating the Instruction Feedback – –Reinforce knowledge of concept or skill –Motivation and self-efficacy –Positive and corrective feedback –Imagery helps (smiley face). 27

Implementation and Effectiveness Distance from the learner Access time to the web server Download speed Condition of the computers and equipment Short video files Spoken words (audio) vs. written (visual) 28

29 Suggestions Instructional designers should use presentation modality, especially text with video when illustrating a process or procedure. Instructional designers should use positive and specific feedback to promote active learning and encouragement. 29

30 Any Questions? 30