The Circulatory System

Where the Heart is located

Circulatory or Cardiovascular System ► Circulatory System – Keeps the body working by delivering oxygen to body cells and removing waste (Co2) from the cells. Removing Delivering

Parts of the Circulatory System ► The Heart - is divided into FOUR Chambers

Two types of Arteries ► Arteries start with A takes blood away !! ► Aorta – Largest blood vessel in the heart ► Pulmonary Artery – Carries blood containing carbon dioxide from your heart to your lungs

Three Types of Veins ► Veins start with V brings blood back to me  1. Inferior Vena Cava – Where the blood enters the heart from the body.  2. Superior Vena Cava – Where the blood enters the heart from the body.  3. Pulmonary Vein – Carries blood-containing oxygen from your lungs to your heart.

The Four Valves of the Heart ► Tricuspid Valve – Lets the blood fill in the right atrium before it enters the right ventricle. ► Bicuspid Valve – Lets the blood fill in the left atrium before it enters the left ventricle

The Four Valves of the Heart ► Right Semi lunar Valve- Lets the right ventricle fill before releasing the blood into the pulmonary artery. ► Left Semi lunar Valve – Lets the blood fill in the left ventricle before sending it to the aorta ► Septum – Divides the heart in half

Three Kinds of Blood Vessels ► Arteries – Carries blood away from the heart ► Veins – Carries blood back to the heart ► Capillaries – Delivers low-oxygen blood to veins (Smallest)

Parts of the Blood ► Red Blood Cells – Made in bone marrow; carries oxygen, food, and rids body of CO2 and Waste ► White Blood Cells – Help fight disease and infection by destroying bacteria and germs that enter the body. Made in the lymph nodes

Parts of the Blood ► Platelets – Help blood to clot, to prevent excess bleeding. ► Plasma – Water portion of the blood; 55% of blood is plasma

Four Types of Blood ► Type A: 42% Accepts A and O ► Type B: 10% Accepts B and O ► Type AB: 3% Accepts AB and O ► Type O:45% Universal Donor ► RH Factor = is the + and – of the blood

Four Filters of the Blood 1. Liver 2. Kidneys 3. Lymph Nodes – located in the neck 4. Spleen – Cemetery for the red blood cells

How Blood Moves Through the Heart

Blood Disorders Blood Pressure: (Hypertension) The force or pressure developed by the heart, which acts to pump blood through the circulatory system. The force or pressure developed by the heart, which acts to pump blood through the circulatory system.

Blood Pressure Two Distinct pressures that are measured!! Two Distinct pressures that are measured!! Systolic: A measure of the maximum force or pressure developed in the arteries when the heart contracts Diastolic: A measure of the lowest pressure, which occur in the arteries during cardiac relaxation.

Blood Pressure High Blood Pressure: Continuous elevation of blood pressure above the normal range. Ex. 140/90

Blood Pressure ► Sphygmomanometer: An instrument used to measure blood pressure. ► Stethoscope: An instrument used to listen to the sounds of the heart, or listen to the flow of blood through the vessels when measuring the blood pressure.

Arteriosclerosis ► Arteriosclerosis: Artery walls harden; caused by a diet high in fat and cholesterol. ► Causes:  Smoking  Diabetes  High Blood Pressure  High Cholesterol  Overweight

Arteriosclerosis ► Arteriosclerosis Arteriosclerosis - We will watch how arteriosclerosis builds up on the walls of an artery. - Overview of the Circulatory system. Overview of the Circulatory System Overview of the Circulatory System

Arteriosclerosis ► Prevention:  Reduce the amount of stress in your everyday life  Change diet to reduce the amount of sodium, fats and cholesterol. Regular Medical checkups ► Treatment:  Medication  Exercise

Diseases and Disorders of the Circulatory System ► Heart Attack: Stoppage in the flow of blood to the heart. ► Prevention:  Reduce Stress  Change Diet to less intake of Sodium (Salt)  Eat less foods high in fat and cholesterol

Diseases and Disorders of the Circulatory System ► Anemia: Lack of red blood cells or cells that do not carry enough oxygen; may cause weakness and low energy levels. ► Prevention:  Eat foods that are rich in Iron in Iron  Treatment: Rest

Diseases and Disorders of the Circulatory System ► Sickle Cell Anemia: Your blood is unable to circulate properly. ► There is no prevention for sickle-cell anemia since you are born with it. ► Treatments:  Blood Transfusions  Medication ► Normal Blood Cell ► Sickle Cell

Diseases and Disorders of the Circulatory System ► Mononucleosis: A viral infection; with symptoms of sore throat, swollen glands and fatigue. ► Prevention:  Avoid human saliva ► Treatment:  Bed Rest

Diseases and Disorders of the Circulatory System ► Leukemia: Abnormal white blood cells  In time they may crowd out normal white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

Diseases and Disorders of the Circulatory System ► Stroke: Happens when a cluster of blood cells blocks blood vessels in the brain. ► Stroke Stroke is a “Brain Attack” Stroke

Diseases and Disorders of the Circulatory System ► Prevention:  Don’t Smoke  Drink in moderation (21)  Get cholesterol checked  Exercise 30 minutes daily  Consume a low fat diet ► Treatment:  Medication  Rehabilitation

Diseases and Disorders of the Circulatory System ► Hemophilia: Blood does not clot properly ► Prevention:  No prevention, you are born a hemophiliac ► Treatment: Transfusions of blood clotting factors.

Diseases and Disorders of the Circulatory System ► Kidney Failure: The inability of kidneys to function, resulting in accumulation of fluid and waste products in the body. ► Picture is graphic!!