牛津版 高一 模块二 Unit 1

Present perfect tense & Present prefect continuous tense Present perfect tense & Present prefect continuous tense

Lead-in Look at the following sentences and try to explain why the tense is used in these sentences.

1. We have studied English for about five years. 2. They have lived there since She hasn’t finished her homework yet. 4. Eric has just come back. 5. How long have you been here?

1.The form of the Present perfect tense: We form the present perfect tense with have/has and the past participle of the verb. have (has) + 过去分词

Justin has disappeared, so Kelly is very sad. We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the recent past, but are connected to the present. Note: 2. The uses of the present perfect tense:

I have not seen Justin since last Friday night. We also use the present perfect tense to talk about something that started in the past and is still happening now. Note :

I haven’t seen your for ages. He has just gone out. It has been very cold lately. She has already finished her homework. He hasn’t seen her since the meeting. Note: We use the present perfect tense when the exact time of an action is not clear or important.

We use it with time expressions such as: already ever for just lately never recently since yet We use already for affirmative statements, yet for negative statements. We use for + a period of time, since + a point in time.

Note: We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that were completed only a short time ago. He has just gone out.(= He went out a few minutes ago.) I have just heard the news. (= Now I know the news.)

Note: We can also use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, that is, we use the present perfect tense with the time expressions once/twice/three times… They say that they have been to America many times.

Look at the sentences and find the difference: Tom has rung up three times this morning. Now it is still in the morning.

Tom rang up three times this morning. Now it is not still in the morning.

Actions occurring in an incomplete period might be indicated by today or this morning/afternoon/ evening/ week/ month/ year/ century or all day/night/week, all the time, always etc. Note:

Point out what tense or tenses are used in the sentences and the reasons why they are used. 1. We have studied English for about five years. We began to study it five years ago. 2. They moved to the south in 1990 and have lived there since then.

3. Eric left home last year and has just come back. 4. They bought this house three years ago and they have lived here since then. 5. My brother went to see my grandpa last week. He has visited him three times this month.

1 ‘_____ you _____ my pen?’ ‘Yes, I____ it on your desk just now.’ (see) 2 ‘_____ you ____ dinner?’ ‘Yes, I ____ it with Mary.’ (have) 3 _____the postman_____ yet this morning? ____ the postman_____ this morning? (come) Have had Did Have Complete the sentences. seen come had saw

The present perfect tense is normally used for an action which lasts throughout an incomplete period, but with the past simple tense, we use time expressions which a fixed point in the past. Note:

e.g. Bill has smoked since he left school. He still smokes.

Bill smoked for six months. It means that he stopped smoking then.

Sometimes, however, The present perfect tense used for the action finishes at the time of speaking. e.g. It has been very cold lately but it’s just beginning to get warmer. On meeting someone, you may say: I haven’t seen you for ages. (But I see you now.) Note

The present perfect tense used for a past action whose time is not definite and often has a result in the present. e.g. Tom has had a bad car crash. He’s probably still in hospital now.

Tom had a bad car crash. He is probably out of hospital now.

(2) __________ (3) __________ (4) __________ (5) __________ (6) __________ (7) _________ (8) __________ (9) _________ (10) _________ (11) ________ Answers for the diary: saw has visited loveshasn’t visited has seenhas never met has travelledhas found hasn’t found Has, been

Look at the sentences: Sorry. Have you been waiting long? I have been waiting for an hour.

Past One hour agoPresent waiting arrive

The form of the Present perfect continuous tense ： We form the present perfect continuous tense with have/has been and the present participle of the verb. have (has) +been + doing

The uses of the present perfect continuous tense: We sometimes use the Present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing, or have just finished but are still connected to the present in some way.

Answers of Dr Frank’s website (2) ______________ (3) _____________ (4)______________ (5) _____________ (6) ______________ have been talking have been studyinghave seen have been writing

Present perfect or present perfect continuous tense? She is still reading the book. Li Jia has been reading a book about Stonehenge.

Li Jia has read a book about Stonehenge. She finished reading the book. She knows the content of the book now.

Note: We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action completed in the recent past, and the present prefect continuous tense for an action that started in the past and is still happening.

I have visited Egypt twice this month. I have been touring Egypt for two months.

Note: The present perfect continuous tense can’t be used with time expressions such as twice or how many times, because in this tense the action is continuous, not stopped and started again. We can use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, and the present perfect continuous tense for non-stop actions.

How many times have you swum in the lake? How long have you been swimming in the lake?

Note: We usually use the present perfect tense to ask questions beginning with how many/much, and the present perfect continuous tense to ask questions beginning with how long.

A state verb or an action verb? 1. I have had this camera for five years. 2. I have taken photos of UFOs with this camera. 3. I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera. state verb action verb state verb

An action means something happening or changing. A state means something staying the same. Some examples of action verbs are do, go, and play. Some examples of state verbs are like, know and exist.

Note: We can use either a state verb or an action with the present perfect tense, but we usually can only use an action verb with the present perfect continuous tense. A state verb doesn’t mean an action, so it can’t be used in a continuous tense.

e.g. They’ve always had a big garden. How long have you known each other? He’s been in hospital since his accident.

I’ve already been to Paris. I’ve never visited Paris.

Note: We use the present perfect tense, not the present perfect continuous tense, with the words like always, never, yet, already and ever.

How long have you been learning English? How long have you learnt English?

It has been raining for a long time. It has rained for a long time.

Note: An action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished can, with certain verbs, be expressed by either the present perfect or present perfect continuous. Verbs which can be used in this way include expect, hope, learn, lie, live, sleep, sit, study, wait, want, snow, etc.

Answers of part A on page 11: (1) __________ (2) __________ (3) __________ (4) __________ (5) __________ (6) _________ (7) __________ (8) _________ (9) _________ (10) ________ (11) _________ heardbeen doing been researchingdone started achieved read found started been drawing been making

1. He has been waiting at a bus stop in a city. 2. They have been travelling in a UFO. It looks like a saucer. Sample answers on page 11 part B

3. They probably have talked to animals or plants on Earth as well as creatures on other plants. 4. They have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter and some other planets.

1. ___ that dress when I first saw you at the station? A. Were you wearing B. Have you worn C. Did you wear D. Do you wear Exercises

2. ―Kate doesn’t look very well. What’s wrong with her? ―She has a headache because she ___ too long, she ought to stop work. A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. was reading

3. “Tell the students to stop shouting. We ____ our essays.” A. write B. have been writing C. are writing D. have written

4. My uncle, Sam, _____ manager of the firm. A. has just made B. is just being made C. has just been made D. is just made

5. This is the first time the students __ to Hyde Park. A. have gone B. have been gone C. have been going D. are being gone

6. She ______ her mother’s work since she was admitted into hospital. A. is doing B. has been doing C. has done D. has been done 7. It ___ every day so far this month. A. is raining B. rains C. has rained D. has been rained

考点考例 1. I haven’t heard anything from him yet. (P8) [ 考点 ] 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去， 但对现在仍有影响，句中可以没有具体 的时间状语。肯定句中用 already ，否定 句和疑问句中用 yet 。

[ 考例 1] ----____ you _____ him around the museum yet? ----Yes. We had a great time there. A. Have ； shown B. Do ； show C. Had ； shown D. Did ； show [ 点拨 ] 此句强调过去发生的动作对现在的 影响，即：是否已经带他参观了博物馆。

[ 考例 2] We _____ our new neighbors yet, so we don’t know their names. A. don’t meet B. won’t meet C. haven’t metD. hadn’t met [ 点拨 ] 此句表示发生在过去的动作对现 在造成的影响。

2. He has sent me an , telling me about his travels around the world. (P8) [ 考点 ] V-ing 短语作后置定语，表示 V-ing 形式和被修饰的名词之间 是主动关系。

[ 考例 1] Peter received a letter just now _____ his grandma would come to see him soon. A. saidB. says C. sayingD. to say [ 点拨 ] saying 修饰 a letter ，相当于 which said... 。

[ 考例 2] Don’t respond to any s ___ personal information, no matter how official they look. A. searchingB. asking C. requesting D. questioning [ 点拨 ] search 和 ask 后面应加介词 for ； request 意为 “ 询问 ” ； question 意为 “ 提问， 盘问，审问 ” 。故选 C 。

3. Kelly: Sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting long? Mavis: Yes. I’ve been waiting for an hour. (P9) [ 考点 ] 现在完成进行时表示从过去某时 开始的动作到现在为止一直在进行，且 可能持续下去。有时含有不耐烦、责备 等感情色彩。

[ 考例 1] —I have got a headache. —No wonder. You _____ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked [ 点拨 ] 由语境可以看出 work 动作开始于过 去，持续到现在，对现在还有影响，且含 有责备的口吻，所以用现在完成进行时。

[ 考例 2] Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _____ English for a year. A. studiesB. studied C. is studying D. has been studying [ 点拨 ] 句意：凯茜正在阳光学校的课堂上 做语法笔记，她一直在那里学英语，到现 在已经一年了。

Homework 1. Finish Part C1 and C2 on page 88 in Workbook. 2. Review Task part.