اللغة العربية سمر مشبك

A B P TTh JGJG R Z D S S Sh *D F QT ThK L M N H WOUWOU IYEIYE 29 Consonants

Vowels In MSA, there are short and long vowels. In MSA, there are short and long vowels. The short ones are written as diacritics over or under the preceding consonant (but usually not written) Short Short a : e : Similar to Swedish e a : e : Similar to Swedish e o : Similar to Swedish å or u : As in Swedish short u o : Similar to Swedish å or u : As in Swedish short u i : As in English miss Long i : As in English miss Long long long The long vowels are visible as letters by their own right. The long vowels are visible as letters by their own right. aa : ا : aa : ا : ee : ا، ي : or ii : ي : As in English bean ee : ا، ي : or ii : ي : As in English bean ǒ : و : Open o, as in the sound directly after the m in English moan (not the whole diphtong) ǒ : و : Open o, as in the sound directly after the m in English moan (not the whole diphtong) uu : و : As in English boot Other uu : و : As in English boot Other

29 Consonants & 3 Haraka )Short voles ( حركة متحرك Fatha amaftouh َ Fatha amaftouh َ Dameh umadmoum ُ Dameh umadmoum ُ Kasra e or imaksour ِ Kasra e or imaksour ِ Skune absence of Haraka. syllable ends on that sound. Fun ْ Skune absence of Haraka. syllable ends on that sound. Fun ْ Shaddah doubeling of that consonant first time with a skune 2 nd with a Haraka Fun ّ ny Shaddah doubeling of that consonant first time with a skune 2 nd with a Haraka Fun ّ ny

Three Short Vowels Three Short Vowels بَ بُ بِ بْ بّ

أ ب تث ج ح خ ذ ا رود ز سشصض طظ ع غ ف ق كل م ن ه ي

Boat letters Boat letters بـــــــبــــــــب ببب ب تتت ت ثثث ث ننن ن ييي ي ثــبــت نـــبــي تـبـن

فـفـف ف قـقـق ق قـف

Big Belly Letters ججج ج ححح ح خخخ خ ععع ع غغغ غ حَجّ حُبّ حَـبـيـبـي عَلي بَجَعْ

Tall Tree Letters اللهال لا ل ا حـليب

Arabic Letters in Words Deerfield Academy اكادمية ديرفيلد

By The Name Of Allah The Most Gracious The Merciful

Mercy

Noun: إسم Verb: فعل Letter: حرف

Verb Preposition Conjunction Article Nouns Pronouns Adjectives Adverbs

الكلمة في العربيــة اسم اسم : وهو ما دل على معنى في نفسه غير مقترن بزمن ويتميز بـ : الجر ، التنوين ، النداء ، قبول أل ، الإسناد إليه. مثل : محمد ، شجرة ، النشيط ، شمس ، رسول ، الذي ، أيّ : وهو ما دل على معنى في نفسه غير مقترن بزمن ويتميز بـ : الجر ، التنوين ، النداء ، قبول أل ، الإسناد إليه. مثل : محمد ، شجرة ، النشيط ، شمس ، رسول ، الذي ، أيّفعل : وهو ما دل على معنى في نفســه مقترن بزمن ، ويتميز بـ : تاء الفاعل ، تاء التأنيث الساكنة ، ياء المخاطبة ، نون التوكيد بنوعيها. قال ، استذكر، ليس ، بئس : مثل : وهو ما دل على معنى في نفســه مقترن بزمن ، ويتميز بـ : تاء الفاعل ، تاء التأنيث الساكنة ، ياء المخاطبة ، نون التوكيد بنوعيها. قال ، استذكر، ليس ، بئس : مثل حرف حرف : وهو ما لا يدل على معنى في نفسه ، وإنما يدل على معنى مع غيره ، ويتميز بـ : أنه لا يقـبل شـيئا من علامات الأسماء ولا شيئا من علامات الأفعال. مثل : يا ، على ، هل

Word, Phrase, Sentence One Singular Meaning word مفرد Compound مُرَكّب (Two or more words( resulting in a Phrase or a sentence. (Two or more words( resulting in a Phrase or a sentence. شبه جملة / جملة شبه جملة / جملة

Question? (Do/does/Is) With Will Then As, Like For

The Definite Article حرف

المتكلمأناI 1st person نحنWe المخاطبأنتYou 2nd person أنتم You All الغائبهوHe 3rd person همThey

المتكلمىMy 1st person ناOur المخاطبكYour 2nd person ك+م=كم Your (pl) الغائب وهوهوهوهHis 3rd person همTheir

مشتق Derived Noun Adjectives جامد Solid Noun Person, Place or Thing المصدر Action without a tense Verbal Noun, Gerund, infinitive. 4 Classifications Gender Plurality M F Verbs معرب مبني Infliction

Noun Verb

Governing Agent Non Governing Agent و ما + الفعل الماضي في من الي عن على Prepositions, Conjunctions, Articles On, To, In…., And, Then, But …, O َ ٍ ُ َ ٍ ُ

Jomla esmeia Jomla Fea’leia Types of Arabic Sentences Verb Sentence Noun Sentence

The mu3rab only 2 Most isims 3 grammatical states 22 positions Most isims 3 grammatical states 22 positions Ve3l mudare3 has 3 grammatical states and 3 positioning Ve3l mudare3 has 3 grammatical states and 3 positioning Default= marfou3 With lam+sisters = majzume With lan+sisters = mansoub

Other reflections of grammatical states 16 typs of الإسم المتمكن 16 typs of الإسم المتمكن 9 possible ways of reflection with voles or letters 9 possible ways of reflection with voles or letters Voles زيد Voles زيد Letters dual, ي naseb and Jarr, Letters dual, ي naseb and Jarr, ا in rafe3 ا in rafe3 Full reflection and Partial For Some Pronunciation reasons make reflections explicit or assumed as in موسى so we say Assumed haraka or for هذا we say مبني في محل الرفع او... Total possible ways in the verb

الفعل الماضي The Past-Tense Verb

Most verbs

The past-tense pattern The selected pattern for the active voice past-tense in three-lettered verbs is: فَعَلَ The selected pattern for the active voice past-tense in three-lettered verbs is: فَعَلَ Each of the three base letters is vowelled with a َ e.g. نَصَرَ (he helped), جَلَسَ (he sat). Each of the three base letters is vowelled with a َ e.g. نَصَرَ (he helped), جَلَسَ (he sat).

Suffixes for the past-tense verb verb conjugation in Arabic is done with designated letters at the end of the verbs to reflect the three aspects; verb conjugation in Arabic is done with designated letters at the end of the verbs to reflect the three aspects; gender, plurality and person of the subject resulting in a table of 14 صيغة forms : six for the third person, three masculine and three feminine, six for the second person, and just two for the first person gender, plurality and person of the subject resulting in a table of 14 صيغة forms : six for the third person, three masculine and three feminine, six for the second person, and just two for the first person

The default/ template/reference word in the Arabic grammar

I 1st person We You 2nd person You All He 3rd person They

PersonGenderPluralityEnglish EquivalentArabic صيغه 3 rd Masculine SingularHe فَعَلَ 1 Dual (2)They (M2) فعلا 2 Plural (>2)They (M>2) فعلُوا 3 Feminine SingularShe فعلَتْ 4 Dual (2)They (F2) فعلَتا 5 Plural (>2)They (F>2) فعلْنَ 6 2nd Masculine SingularYou (M) فعلْتَ 7 Dual (2)You (M2) فعلْتُما 8 Plural (>2)You (M>2) فعلْتُمْ 9 Feminine SingularYou (F) فعلْتِ 10 Dual (2)You (F2) فعلْتُما 11 Plural (>2)You (F>2) فعلْتُنَّ 12 1st Masculine and Feminine SingularI (M/F) فعلْتُ 13 Plural (≥2)We (M/F≥2) فعلْنا 14

Passive Voice ( مَجْهُول ) The pattern for the passive voice conjugation table is constructed from the active by: The pattern for the passive voice conjugation table is constructed from the active by: a) Changing the vowelling of the second to last letter to ِ if it is not already ِ and a) Changing the vowelling of the second to last letter to ِ if it is not already ِ and b) Changing the vowel of the ف position to ُ. b) Changing the vowel of the ف position to ُ. Recall in the passive voice the verb is directed towards the object and the subject is missing e.g. he was helped. Recall in the passive voice the verb is directed towards the object and the subject is missing e.g. he was helped. In the passive gardaan it’s the object whose three aspects are being reflected by the suffixes. In the passive gardaan it’s the object whose three aspects are being reflected by the suffixes.

Negative Verbs ( مَنفي ) By placing the particle ‘ ما ’ in front of both the active and passive voice patterns, the verbs become negative e.g. ما نَصَرَ (he did not help), ما نُصِرَ (he was not helped). By placing the particle ‘ ما ’ in front of both the active and passive voice patterns, the verbs become negative e.g. ما نَصَرَ (he did not help), ما نُصِرَ (he was not helped). The suffixes for all of these past-tense tables are the same. By memorizing the first, then merely understanding the slight differences in the others, one will have covered four distinct conjugation tables: The suffixes for all of these past-tense tables are the same. By memorizing the first, then merely understanding the slight differences in the others, one will have covered four distinct conjugation tables:

فَعَلَ : active positive ( ماضي مَعوُرف مُثْبَت ) فَعَلَ : active positive ( ماضي مَعوُرف مُثْبَت ) ما فَعَلَ : active positive ( ماضي مَعوُرف مُثْبَت ) ما فَعَلَ : active positive ( ماضي مَعوُرف مُثْبَت ) فُعِلَ : assive negative ( ماضي مَجْهُول مَنفي ) فُعِلَ : assive negative ( ماضي مَجْهُول مَنفي ) ما فُعِلَ : passive negative ( مَنفي مَجْهُول ماضي ) ما فُعِلَ : passive negative ( مَنفي مَجْهُول ماضي ) simple past-tense

noun verb

IWe You You All He They

(he) did (he) does pastpresent

ماضيمضارعامر SubjunctiveIndicativeJussive النصبالرفعالجزم

الحرف is neither a verb nor a noun. It is needed to complete the meaning of a sentence. One example is في, في does not have a past tense nor a present tense, which excludes the verb from our options. It is impossible to add ال to that word, so it is not a noun. The only option left is the حرف. This method can be used to classify any Arabic word.

Single letter prepositions (attached at the beginning of the words) With, in, by for Like (similar to)

Multiple letters prepositions (separate (independent ) words) From/ofAbout On/uponInTo All prepositions come only before a noun The last letter of the noun gets a “kasra” below it.

Grammatical States Arabic words are like Humans in that they enter Emotional States because of interaction with other humans. Happy, Sad …… many. Arabic words are like Humans in that they enter Emotional States because of interaction with other humans. Happy, Sad …… many. With humans this Emotional State is reflected on the face with a smile, a frown, a raised eyebrow or even a wink. Arabic words enter Grammatical States because of interaction with other words that come before them. Arabic words enter Grammatical States because of interaction with other words that come before them. With words this is reflected on the last letter. There are only “Four Grammatical States” الجر النصب الرفع الجزم

Inflection إعراب Referring to to a single meaning in different ways depending on its grammatical state. In English, This shows with pronouns but not nouns or verbs. In English, This shows with pronouns but not nouns or verbs. He expressed his feelings to me, and I told him to get off my case. He expressed his feelings to me, and I told him to get off my case. he subject he subject Him object Him object His possessive His possessive In Arabic it happens in all pronouns, most nouns and in some verbs. In Arabic it happens in all pronouns, most nouns and in some verbs.

Why it happens البيت the house = البيت the house = سقطَ البيتُ الرفع the house fell سقطَ البيتُ الرفع the house fell دخلتُ البيتَ النصب I entered the house دخلتُ البيتَ النصب I entered the house باب البيتِ الجر door of the house باب البيتِ الجر door of the house في البيتِ الجر in the house في البيتِ الجر in the house The noun, house, experience the E3rab because of a governing agent like; the Verb fell. Or a Harf preposition

التابع للإسم خبر كان التابع للإسم المستثنى الحال التمييز المفعول فيه ظرف المكان و الزمان المفعول المطلق المفعول لأجله Cause Grammatical States النصب Accusative Subjunctive الرفع Nominative Indicative الجزم Jussive الجر الصفة و المعطوف – التوكيد - البدل التابع للإسم نائب الفاعل الفاعل خبر إنَ إسم كان الخبر المبتدأ المفعول معه المنادى المفعول به إسم إنَّ حرف جر المضاف اليه لم لا

التابع للإسم خبر كان التابع للإسم المستثنى الحال التمييز المفعول فيه ظرف المكان و الزمان المفعول المطلق المفعول لأجله Cause Grammatical States النصب Subjunctive الرفع Indicative Nominative الجزم Jussive الصفة و المعطوف – التوكيد - البدل التابع للإسم نائب الفاعل الفاعل خبر إنَ إسم كان الخبر المبتدأ المفعول معه المنادى المفعول به إسم إنَّ حرف جر المضاف اليه مبني Indeclinable المضارع With انتن - هنّ الماضي

Do----  +er  Doer Walk-  +er--  Walker Talk--  +er  Talker Keep-  +er-  Keeper =

With the past tense With the present tense As in Remember

-

(He) Memorized/kept/preserved/protected (He) knew

-Translate by yourself ( Divide the words) -Memorize some of the words of the Text in writing (Dictation -Memorize the table of past and present tenses verbs

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