Europe, The Byzantine Empire, and the Middle Ages
Feudalism System where nobles offered protection and land in return for loyalty and military service Vassal -The Feudal Contract -fief Knights -chivalry -tournaments
Manorial System Manor- agricultural estate run by a lord and worked by peasants Serfs- peasants legally bound to the land -labor services, pay rent, subject to lord’s control
The New Agriculture Use of horse collars around the shoulders and chest, multiple horses Horseshoes Led to growth of farming villages 3 field systems -more crops grown
Medieval Cities Stone walls Fires were prevalent Dirty and smelled Water pollution
Industries and Guilds Arts, crafts, leather, metalwork Guilds -set standards for quality -fixed prices -determined number of people that could enter specific trade What is an apprentice? Journeymen to a Master through a masterpiece
Role of the Church Bishops to Popes, the Roman Catholic Church Monks -Monasticism -Saint Benedict and The Benedictine Rule -Missionaries -Nuns
Charlemagne and The Carolingians AKA Charles the Great Created the Carolingian Empire, most of western and central Europe Messengers of the Lord King to inspect local districts Promoted Learning in kingdom -revival of learning and culture -works of the Greeks and Romans -preservation of ancient works
England in the High Middle Ages The Norman Conquest, 1066, William of Normandy, Battle of Hastings Henry II -common law Magna Carta -Limited King -Foundation for America
The Reign of Justinian Justinian The Body of Civil Law- basis of imperial law in Eastern Roman Empire, basis of legal system in all of Europe -AKA Justinian Code
Byzantine Empire Capital of The Byzantine Empire -Constantinople -Trade -Building, Church of the Holy Wisdom, Hagia Sophia
The Crusades Infidels What was the impact of the Crusades?
Education First university- Wanted to learn about law to apply to jobs, only men Lecture- Profs read from a book then gave their interpretation No exams! Oral exam after 4-6 years of study Bachelor of Arts then Master of Arts Law, medicine, theology – 10 years, Doctors Degree Theology was the highest area of study
The Black Death Most devastating natural disaster in European history Spread by black rats infested with fleas carrying bacteria Followed trade routes million died out of 75 million Punishment by God? The Devil? Jews? Economic consequences
The Great Schism 2 Popes -Rome and France The Antichrist? -Damaging to the Church Church loses political power
The Hundred Years’ War, 116 to be exact England against France for land Battle of Crecy -1st major battle Joan of Arc -Inspiration Use of the cannon