LINGUA FRANCA MARMARA UNIVERSITY ELT EBRAR EMSEN FATMA GÜVEN

WHAT ıS LıNGUA FRANCA?  a language used between various populations to interact with each other when people don’t share a mother language  e.g. for trade, commerce, diplomatic and administrative convenience  also known as a third language, bridge language, trade language, or vehicular language

 The term lingua franca, also known as Frankish,  first used during the Middle Ages  a combination of French and Italian  developed by the Crusaders and tradesmen in the Mediterranean. THE ORıGıNS OF LıNGUA FRANCA?

DıFFERENT SCALES OF LıNGUA FRANCA GLOBALNATIONALLOCAL

GLOBAL - ENGLISH  currently the leading lingua franca of the world  used in - business - science - technology - aviation - diplomacy - entertainment INTERNATIONAL

NATıONAL - URDU  national language and the lingua franca of Pakistan  spoken and understood in every part of Pakistan  facilitates inter-provincial communication between the country’s diverse linguistic populations

LOCAL – SANGO  used for inter-tribal trading  location: Central African Republic

Stefan from Ukraine, Johann from Estonia and Azamat from Kazahkstan came to Turkey for a business conference. WHICH LANGUAGE DO THEY PREFER TO SPEAK TO EACH OTHER?

RUSSIAN AS A LINGUA FRANCA  It remains the lingua franca in the the former Soviet Union countries and Western Baltic states.  increasingly seen as a tool of political domination over the former republics of the Soviet Union.

ARABIC AS A LINGUA FRANCA  It became the "lingua franca" of the Islamic (Arab) Empire.  lingua franca of some regions not simply because of commerce or diplomacy, but also on religious grounds since Arabic is the language of the Qur'an, Islam's holy book and these populations became heavily Muslim.

SPANISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA  it became the language of global trade until Napoleonic Wars  presently, the second most used language in international trade, after English  the third most used in politics, diplomacy and culture, after English and French

SPANISH IS STILL A LINGUA FRANCA WITHIN HISPANIC AMERICA.

REFERENCES     Annual Review of Applied Linguistics (2006) 26, 78–99. Printed in the USA. Copyright © 2006 Cambridge University Press  Annual Review of Applied Linguistics (2006) 26, 100–122. Printed in the USA. Copyright © 2006 Cambridge University Press