LE4-C5S7T5L5pg The Gulf War, Somalia, and Bosnia

Purpose This lesson covers the primary military actions involving the United States in the 1990s.

1. List the objectives of President Bush in the Gulf War 2. Define keywords related to the Gulf War, Somalia, and Bosnia 3. Explain how the United States relies on multinational support to achieve foreign policy goals

CPS Key Word Questions (1-2)

 Sanctions  Unilateral  ________ – measures taken by countries to restrict trade and official contact with a country that has broken international law.  _________ – an action taken by only one group or country that is involved in a situation without the agreement of the others.

CPS Lesson Questions (1-2)

Where were you when the U.S. first attacked Iraq during the Gulf War? A.At home B.At school C.Other D.I have no idea.

Who was the president of the United States during the Gulf War? A.George W. Bush B.Barack Obama C.Ronald Reagan D.George H.W. Bush

The United States has many allies around the world. List 2-3 nations that support the foreign policy goals of the U.S. (Use CPS “Pick a Student” for this question)

 U.S. military intervention is seldom unilateral.  The U.S. seeks support through the United Nations or with other countries that have a stake in the effort.  The activities of the 1990s demonstrate the commitment of the U.S. to use diplomatic efforts to gain support for military action.

August 2, 1990 – Under the leadership of Saddam Hussein, Iraq invaded Kuwait. August 7, 1990 – President Bush ordered 125,000 troops to the Persian Gulf region to impose sanctions with the help of 17 nations. January 15, 1991 – President Bush sent a memorandum outlining four major goals.

1.Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait 2.Restore Kuwait’s legitimate government 3.Protect American citizens abroad 4.Promote the security and stability of the Persian Gulf area

January 17, 1991 – U.S. began an air attack on Iraqi forces launching Operation Desert Storm. February 24, 1991 – Ground troops attacked with many Iraqi soldiers surrendering. February 28, 1991 – President Bush called an end to the attack achieving all four of the goals he set forth.

Operation Desert Storm  SCUD vs PATRIOT missiles  Threat of chemical attack  General Norman Schwartzkopf  Lt Gen Walter Boomer  Marine role as amphibious diversion  Impact of cable news  Oil fires

Operation Desert Storm 

CPS Lesson Question (3)

What statement was not one of President Bush’s reasons for focusing U.S. military efforts in the Middle East? A.Withdraw Iraqi troops from Kuwait B.Return Kuwait’s presidency to Saddam Hussein C.Restore Kuwait’s government D.Protect the lives of American citizens abroad

 In 1991 Marines evacuated 260 people from the U.S. embassy in Mogadishu, Somalia due to civil unrest (overthrow of Dictator of 22 years Mohammed Siad Barre).  Civil war erupted and the government fell.  U.S. troops were sent in to reduce the famine and prepare the way for U.N. peacekeeping forces. Somalia – Operation Restore Hope

 Maj Gen Charles Wilhelm  Need to maintain neutrality  Use of UN troops  Mission Creep  Clan Warfare  “Blackhawk Down” Somalia – Operation Restore Hope

Three distinct ethnic groups exist: 1.Serbs (Orthodox Christians) wanted “Greater Serbia” 2. Muslims, favor an ethnically mixed state 3. Croats (Roman Catholic) generally sided with the Muslims In 1992 Bosnia declared independence from Yugoslavia. (Croatia and Slovenia had already declared independence in 1991)

Bosnia  Ethnic cleansing  Operation Provide Promise (Humanitarian Relief)  Marines supported air missions and rescue of Capt O’Grady (Operation Deny Flight)  United Nations’ International Implementation Force (IFOR) - Peacekeeping

The Dayton Accords were signed on November 21, The agreement provided: 1.Bosnian Serbs control 49% of Bosnia 2.The Croatian/Muslim Federation controls 51% of Bosnia

CPS Lesson Question (4)

What was the focus of the Dayton Accords? A.Make the region politically stable B.Restore Yugoslavia to its original state C.Put the Serbs in control of the government D.How to spend humanitarian aid

Think of how the U.S. is involved in foreign affairs. List 2-3 important things you learned from this lesson. (Use CPS “Pick a Student” for this question)

Images in this lesson were taken from:  Microsoft © Clip Art Gallery  Marine Corps Combat Camera