Torkil Jønch-Clausen Water Policy Adviser, DHI Group Senior Adviser, Global Water Partnership Danida Development Days 2011 Water for the future – the place for public private partnerships “Perspectives on integrated water resources management, Danish development assistance and the private sector”

15 minutes covering: IWRM:  WHY?  WHAT and HOW?  HISTORY and STATUS IWRM IN DANISH DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE WATER AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR

IWRM: WHY?

The basic need challenge: - water as a human right Water supply Sanitation

The food challenge - a ‘real’ water problem Securing basic water needs takes 50 l/cap/day  a political will problem! Securing our basic diet takes 2500 l/cap/day  a water problem !

The energy challenge - the water- energy nexus 5-8% annual growth in electricity consumption in most Asian countries Energy as a major water user Water as a major energy consumer Climate change  major hydropower dams  bio-fuels using up to 10-30,000 l water per l bio-fuel!

Large cities 2005 Large cities 2015 The urban water challenge Growing - and thirsty - mega cities

The environment challenge - ecosystems paying the price ? 50% of all freshwater species disappeared in the 20 th century Lakes disappearing (ex. Aral Sea, Lake Chad)

The poverty challenge A sad statistic:  2/3 of people without access to clean water live un less than 2 $/day  1/3 live on less than 1$/day Water is essential to achieve the MDG’s: - on poverty, hunger, health and environment

The climate change challenge - an added driver! MDG WATER - one of several key drivers of change! CLIMATE ECO- NOMY POPU- LATION OTHER

Water- MDG- climate MDG/Adaptation Governance Natural resource base Water Service delivery system Empowerment Rights WATER SECURITY THROUGH IWRM

IWRM: WHAT AND HOW?

The Dublin-Rio principles the underpinning of IWRM - 1.Fresh water as a finite and vulnerable resource. 2.Water development and management based on a participatory approach 3.Women playing a central part 4.Water as an economic good with an economic value in competing uses

IWRM: the triple top/bottom line! Structure Economic Efficiency Equity Environmental Sustainability Management Instruments  Assessment  Information  Allocation Instruments Enabling Environment  Policies  Legislation Institutional Framework  Central - Local  River Basin  Public - Private Balance “water for livelihood” and “water as a resource” The three “E”s The three “pillars” of IWRM

Horizontal integration : Managing competing uses, across sectors Water for people Water for food Water for nature Water for energy and other uses Cross-sectoral integration Enabling environment Institutions Management tools

Vertical integration Cross-sector dialogue Stakeholder dialogue Vertical and horizontal linkages Cross-sectoral and stakeholder dialogues at all levels - from watershed to basin to the trans-boundary level

Water demand management - and good water stewardship Managing water demand  Awareness  Regulations  Water markets Reducing water footprints Improving water use efficiency  More crop per drop  3R: Recycle – Reuse –Recharge Potential saving in the Mediterranean by 2025: 25% of total water demand (65% in agriculture)

IWRM - the basin as the basic management unit Structure

IWRM: the approach to adaptation for land and water IPCC 3 rd Assessment : ” it can be expected that the paradigm of IWRM will be increasingly followed around the world.. which will move water, as a resource and a habitat, into the centre of policy making. This is likely to decrease the vulnerability of freshwater systems to climate change”

The proposed IWRM Roadmap: Preliminary concept Water governance and IWRM: A never ending cycle! - awareness, political will, capacity building => taking time!

IWRM: HISTORY AND STATUS

IWRM – a short history 1980’sWater = “drinking water” and sanitation 1992Rio: Agenda 21 => the IWRM concept born 2002 Rio +10: WSSD Johannesburg => all countries to develop IWRM Plans 2010 IWRM explicit in policies, laws, strategies of more than 60 countries 2012Rio +20: IWRM and Green Growth

IWRM IN DANISH DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE

IWRM in Danish support to water At the global level Danish water footprints in Agenda 21  Influencing Dublin principles and A 21 water chapter Danish support to GWP, UNEP, World Bank, UN-Water …  Fostering synergies in the global water community Support to WSSD IWRM target follow-up  58 countries in 10 sub-regions, 19 country ‘roadmaps’ The Nairobi process for adaptation to climate change  The 5 Nairobi guiding principles

IWRM in Danish support to water At the regional level Support to sub-regional IWRM processes  SADC, ECOWAS etc. Support to IWRM in trans-boundary basins  Nile, Mekong, Zambezi etc. At the national level Support to national IWRM plans and implementation  Uganda, Burkina Faso, Zambia …

WATER AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR

Private sector : types of engagement Private sector as service provider  Water and sanitation, utilities  Hydropower and irrigation, major infrastructure Private sector in water resources management  Consultancy and knowledge provision Rationale:  Good business, profit  CSR, water stewardship, reducing water footprints  Making sense: protecting investments A crucial partner: finance, knowledge, innovation..!!

Private sector : some issues Focus on “one E”, not the triple E’s!  Economic objectives at expense of social and environmental objectives? Focus on “quick fixes”  Ignoring that involving stakeholders, building political will, building ownership and capacity takes time  Ignoring actual capacity constraints  Impatience ! Focus on ‘big actors’ and central level  Ignoring river basin an local levels  Distorting “good governance” practices Need for engagement, but how..!

Thank you!