Robespierre, Napoleon and French Revolution After-effects

Beginnings of Mass Chaos The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen –states that men are born and remain free –this document begins the revolution Slogan of the revolution… “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

Considered the radical period of the revolution –radical = violent period

Maximilien Robespierre

Robespierre Robespierre believed that “Louis must die for the revolution to live” Gains control of the revolution when put in charge of the Committee of Public Safety This ushers in the Reign of Terror, where Robespierre is responsible for over 40,000 deaths to people he believed opposed the revolution

Who was safe? NO ONE –Robespierre himself is put to the guillotine 1 year after he gains power

Napoleon Bonaparte

Rose to power after Robespierre’s Reign of Terror France supported him because they hoped he would bring stability to the nation Possessed courage, a military mind and the ability to inspire –weakness was GREED

Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon promoted NATIONALISM –Feeling extreme pride in and devotion to one’s country Conquered nearly all of Europe and was appointed Emperor for Life

Accomplishments A uniform set of laws –Code Napoleon Stabilization of the economy –simple/fair tax system Equal-opportunity public education system

The slogan of the revolution was… –“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” How does this change reflect the goals Napoleon had for France? Locke v. Hobbes… any thoughts?? Under Napoleon, the slogan changed to… –“Order, Security, Efficiency”

Downfall Invasion of Russia during winter months Czar Alexander used a “scorched-earth” strategy to draw Napoleon into Russia’s large interior When forced to retreat, troops froze to death in horrible winter –Russians then went in for the kill

The Battle of Waterloo

Saint Helena

French Revolution after-effects “When France sneezes, all of Europe catches a cold” What does this quote mean?

After-effects Answer: Revolutions in France often influenced other European nations Other European rulers denounced the French Revolution because they were afraid it would spread to their nations

After-effects (Congress of Vienna) Congress of Vienna was established after Napoleon’s defeat –in reaction to the French Revolution Main goal = establish a balance of power in Europe

Congress of Vienna Wanted to restore Europe to the way it was before French Revolution All “true” monarchs would be restored and reform movements would be squashed

France influences Latin America The ideas of the French and American revolutions provided ideas for making political changes in Latin America Think back… what knowledge of South America do you have from Global 9?

Latin American independence movements Geography –diverse landforms (rivers, mountains, rain forests, etc.) greatly limit Latin American unity –this leads to NATIONALISM

Years Latin American nations became independent

Latin American Independence Movements Important liberators – Simon Bolivar, Jose de San Martin, Toussaint l’Ouverture –all help to rid Latin America from Spanish control through promoting nationalism

Discuss the ethnic and social hierarchy of Latin America in the 1700s (p. 121) Only Spanish born people could hold government jobs Creoles resented their lack of political power Native Americans suffered economic misery and slavery was common

How did Enlightenment ideas influence Latin America? (p. 121) Creoles began reading Enlightenment books and were influenced by their ideas –natural rights –liberty, equality, brotherhood

Describe the sugar trade in Haiti before its revolution (p. 122) It was worked by millions of enslaved Africans working in terrible conditions

List 3 facts about Toussaint L’Ouverture (p. 122)

What was Simon Bolivar’s goal for Latin America ? (p. 125) His goal was to win independence for Latin America from the Spanish

Did Bolivar achieve his goal? Explain (p. 125 – 127) Yes, he won many battles against the Spanish and was nicknamed “The Liberator”