Presentation prepared by: Marilyn Shaw University of Northern IA This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Differentiate among self-concept, self-image, and self- esteem Characterize the role of culture in determining self- concept Characterize the role of gender in determining self- concept Explain the roles of self-fulfilling prophecy and impression management as they relate to self-concept Identify six ways to improve self-concept Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Self-concept is our perceived self Self-image is how we see ourselves Self-esteem is our feelings and attitudes toward ourselves Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Sensing our environment Parental Communication Others’ communication Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Values Attitudes Beliefs Broad-based ideals, relatively long- lasting Example: Competent communication makes a successful life. Feelings or positions about ourselves, others, ideas, or objects Example: Competent communicators are more successful. Convictions in the truth of something that lacks absolute truth Example: Competent communication will make one successful.

Communication affects our self- concept Our self-concept affects our communication Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Our perception of how others perceive us affects our self-concept, which affects how we behave, which is directly related to how others react to our behavior, and ends in our interpretation of their reactions (Kinch, 1963). Personal-social identity continuum identifies the personal and social level of self.

Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Individualistic orientation Collectivistic orientation

Sex and Gender Gender Stereotypes Gender Expectations Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Above-Average effect Impression Management Perceived self Presenting self Facework Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Erving Goffman uses the term “facework” to describe the various roles we use to maintain our own image. Think of the various roles you play in your life. Right now you are a student. What other roles do you use? How do you alter your image to fit the different role you are fulfilling? Why do you think you do this? Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Guidelines/ Steps for Improving Self Decide what you would like to change or improve Describe why you feel the way you do Make a commitment to improve or change Set reasonable goals for yourself Decide on the specific actions you are going to take Associate with positive people Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.