Instructional Design Martin Sillaots

What Are Teaching/Learning Goals Content Methods How to evaluate? 2

Problems Learning goals are different Understanding the Truth is different Learning preferences are different … 3

VARK vark-learn.com 4

Learning and teaching needs to be planned Designed 5

Instructional Design Model Analyze Design Development Implementation Evaluation 6

ADDIE Analyse Needs Problems Possibilities Alternatives Target group Development Schedule Learning materials Software and hardware Administration tools Design Learning goals Content Methods Evaluation criteria Implementation Running the course Evaluation Testing Feedback 7

Another Instructional Design Model Mart Laanpere 8

Another Instructional Design Model Mart Laanpere 9

Analyze Of Needs and Target Group 10

Analyze of Needs Outcomes - What the student needs to know in the end of the course? What is the current situation? What are the biggest differences between the reality and desired situation? Can those gaps be solved with the training? 11

What is important to know? … 12

Outcomes Understand the concept of serious games Know how to design simple games Interested in DLG curriculum Networking Have fun 13

How to Measure Current Situation? … 14

Measurement Methods Interview Questionnaire Analyze of documents … 15

Interview of Newcomers ;) Your needs 16

Analyze of Students … Abilities Learning preferences Previous experience Cognitive aspects Age Interest Motivation Attitudes Beliefs Fears Group relations Relationship with superiors Orientation to cooperation or competition 17

Analyze Results May Affect: Pace of learning Amount and difficulty of examples Learning materials and tools Level of abstraction Team work management 18

Instructional Design Model Mart Laanpere 19

Design Planning the course objectives and content Activities that participant should be able to conduct individually in the end of the course Knowledge that support activities 20

Course Content Facts - know Concepts – understand Rules Activities – apply (create, evaluate, analyze) 21

E.G.: SG Course Activities Composing game concept Designing Gameplay Defining game Rules Designing game World Designing game Characters Writing game Story Developing game UI 22

Hierarchy of Activities Task – Activity Operation 23

E.G.: Hierarchy of Gameplay Tasks Gameplay – Challenges Define challenges Create hierarchy of challenge – Actions Select actions needed for challenges Define general actions (not related with the gameplay) 24

Sequencing Activities Order of activities 25

E.G.: Gameplay Design Sequences Select the genre Get familiar with typical challenges of the genre Select and modify typical challenges If possible provide new challenges If suitable “borrow” challenges from other genres Choose challenges Create the hierarchy of challenges … 26

Facts and Concepts Fact are not defined – E.g.: In what year the first serious game was published? Concepts should be defined – E.g.: What is serious game? What facts and concepts are important to know for supporting previously stated activities? 27

E.G.: Gameplay Concepts Gameplay Challenge Action Genre … 28

Gameplay FLOW Control Concentration Feedback Goals Balance Challenges SkillsActivities Rules Points Extrinsic reward Intrinsic Reward Competition Collaboration Socialization Emotions Decision making Risk Game World E.G.: Map of Concepts 29

Rules Procedure guidelines Needed for conducting activities 30

E.G.: Gameplay Rules Provide as many different challenges as possible Challenges are related with game genre Define as little actions as possible Actions are related with input devices … 31

Instructional Design Model Mart Laanpere 32

Lesson Plan Planning the Course units, learning activities and the timetable 33

Lesson Planning Divide learning content in to study units Order of study units Select learning strategy Define learning activities Create course schedule 34

Traditional Structure of the Lesson Getting attention Defining study goals Repeating previously studied aspects Presenting new information Organizing individual work Applying new information in practice Collect feedback Evaluation Repeating and applying the knowledge in different context 35

Alternative Lesson Plans Different learning strategies 36

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Examples of Learning Activities Teacher’s presentation Individual work with learning materials (reading, making notes, …) Individual exercises (solving tasks, …) F2F consulting Group discussion Group or team work … 38

Learning Methods for Remembering Grouping information Rhymes Jokes Repeating 39

Methods for Understanding Paraphrasing Continuations Comparisons Analysis Case studies Analogues Concept mapping Changing the context 40

Methods for Applying Knowledge in Practice Comparing different examples Applying the rules from simple case to complex case Finding the most important aspects Providing examples Developing skills Induction or Deduction Enquiry based or Presentation based 41

What are the higher level competences? 42

Curse Content Template ContentMethodFeedbackEvaluationManagement KnowFacts: UnderstandConcepts: ApplyProcedures: ThinkAnalyze … 43

Course Schedule Timetable 44

Demo Schedule Getting attention – 1 min Stating the goal – 1 min Building the connection with the previous learning unit – 3 min Demonstration of practical skills – 15 min Referring to the additional materials – 1 min Individual assignment + individual support – 30 min Student presentations – 15 min Discussion and feedback – 15 min Giving home assignment – 5 min 45

Alternative Demo Schedule Getting attention – 1 min Giving assignment – 5 min Referring to the additional materials – 1 min Forming groups – 1 min Asking students to share responsibilities, learn needed skills and fulfill assignment – 50 min Group presentations and discussion – 30 min 46

Assignment Create a schedule for your lesson 47

Instructional Design Model Mart Laanpere 48

Learning Materials And Tools 49

Formats of Learning Materials Lecture notes Presentations Individual reading Individual or team work guidelines Interactive environments (e.g. games) Evaluation materials … 50

Examples of Learning Materials Extra Credits – Gamasutra – Gamnesia – SEGAN – seriousgamesnet.euseriousgamesnet.eu SGWS - htk.tlu.ee/icampus/pg/groups/219519/design-of- serious-games-2015/ htk.tlu.ee/icampus/pg/groups/219519/design-of- serious-games-2015/ … 51

Examples of Learning Tools eAdventure - e-adventure.e-ucm.ese-adventure.e-ucm.es Scratch - scratch.mit.eduscratch.mit.edu Kodu - Unity - unity3d.comunity3d.com … 52

Assignment Select learning materials and tools for your lesson 53

Instructional Design Model Mart Laanpere 54

Teaching 55

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Teaching Problems Students interest is dropping during the class In the beginning of the lesson students attention is higher (70%) compared to the end of the class (30%) 40% of what the teacher says is immediately lost after saying it 0.5 years after finishing the course students remember 5% what was learned 57

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Break Examples Rest Read notes Ask questions Exercise Reading exercise Discussion Case study Student presentation Short test Repeating Planning … 59

Increasing the Effectiveness of the Study Motivate students Active learning Communication Previous studies 60

Motivators Intrinsic Extrinsic Physiological Needs Psychological Needs Social Needs Cognitive Needs Emotional Needs Environmental Aspects Autonomy Self Identification Interest Importance Meaningfulness Goals Attitudes Identity Fun Control Challenging And Meaningful Activity Ethics Achievements Feeling Competent Feedback Utility Extrinsic Reward Money Grades Culture Relatedness Followership 61

Active Learning Methods Individual study Personal approach Problem based learning Feedback Group or teamwork Learning through Practice Learning to learn Project based learning … 62

Group Discussions Circles Interviews Pairs Triplets Pyramid or snowball Group member exchange Brainstorming … 63

Instructional Design Model Mart Laanpere 64

Assignment Prepare to teach your fellow students 65

Evaluation Assessment and Feedback 66

Course Evaluation 67

Course Evaluation Types Formative – Several times during the course – Improve the course – e.g. improve the learning activities, materials, … Summative – In the end of the course – Final evaluation – e.g. select the best materials, activities, … 68

Course Evaluation Levels Students feedback Learning results Change in behavior Benefits 69

Course Evaluation Methods Experiment Observation Questionnaire Interview Walkthrough External evaluation 70

Course Evaluation Sources Learners Teachers Experts Documents 71

Course Evaluation Subjects Learning content Learning strategy Assignments Evaluation methods Interaction Learning materials Learning tools Learning environment Learning management 72

Course Evaluation Plan Evaluation objectives Evaluation target group Scope of the evaluation Evaluation criteria Evaluation questions Quality insurance Data collection methods Action plan Cost Permission for evaluation Data collection Data analysis Evaluation report 73

Alternative Assignment Plan Course Evaluation (alternative to teaching) 74

Testing Students 75

Traditional Testing Methods Test Essay Student presentation Exercise … 76

Innovative Testing Methods Quiz Portfolio Exhibition Project Self evaluation … 77

Example of Planning the Test Setting objective for the test Selecting the type of the test Selecting test question types Creating test questions Assembling the test Conducting the test Analyzing test results Announcing test results 78

Alternative Assignment Plan Evaluation of Students (alternative to teaching) 79

End The 80