Absolutism And Constit. Scientific Revolution Enlighten- ment French Revolution Industrial Revolution (A) Industrial Revolution (B) Mystery

Question In order to compete with Europe on both military and commercial terms, Peter the Great began the process of ______________, an adoption of the social, political, or economic institutions of Western countries.

Answer 1 – 10 Westernization

Question Absolute rulers believed in _______ _______, the idea that God created a monarchy and that the monarch acted as His representative on earth. – Giving them absolute rule

Answer 1 – 20 Divine Right

Question The time period in which the monarchy was restored to power in England is known as the ___________.

Answer 1 – 30 Restoration

Question Which document listed clear limits on royal power in England?

Answer 1 – 40 The English Bill of Rights

Question List at least two specific things Peter the Great did to westernize Russia.

Answer 1 – 50 He raised women’s status Required nobles to wear Western fashions Introduced potatoes (staple in Western diet) Started Russia’s first newspaper Opened a schools of navigation, arts, and sciences

Question Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the ____________, or sun-centered theory.

Answer 2 – 10 Heliocentric

Question Who explained the universal law of universal gravitation, in which all physical objects are affected equally by the same forces?

Answer 2 – 20 Isaac Newton

Question Who was one of the most influential developers of the Scientific Method?

Answer 2 – 30 Francis Bacon: – Bacon encouraged scientists to experiment and draw their own conclusions rather than rely on conclusions of ancient thinkers.

Question Who is credited with the theory of relativity?

Answer 2 – 40 Albert Einstein

Question List at least two things that the Enlightenment promoted.

Answer 2 – 50 Progress for society Secular outlook as opposed to a religious one Faith in science instead of the Bible or past beliefs

Question Who is credited with writing the Declaration of Independence?

Answer 3 – 10 Thomas Jefferson

Question Anti-Federalists would not agree to ratify the new Constitution until it included the _______ ____ ________ which would eventually become the first 10 amendments.

Answer 3 – 20 Bill of Rights

Question Which act caused colonists to argue, “no taxation without representation?”

Answer 3 – 30 The Stamp Act

Question Which philosophe believed in separation of powers, leading to the checks and balances system in the U.S. government?

Answer 3 – 40 Montesquieu

Question List at least two philosophes who influenced the Bill of Rights.

Answer 3 – 50 John Locke Three Natural Rights (Life, Liberty, Property) Modern Democracy Jean Jacques Rousseau Individual Freedom Direct Democracy Voltaire Freedom of Religion Censorship

Question Prior to the French Revolution, which Estate paid the majority of the taxes?

Answer 4 – 10 The Third Estate – Bourgeoisie (middle class): bankers, merchants, professionals – Urban workers: tradespeople; servants – Peasants: made up 80% of France’s population

Question The Reign of Terror ended after Maximilian Robespierre was executed. Who forced him from his position of power?

Answer 4 – 20 His fellow revolutionaries

Question After Napoleon’s defeat, an eight-month series of meetings occurred in Vienna, known as the ____________ ____ ___________.

Answer 4 – 30 Congress of Vienna – Goal: to establish a balance of power in Europe by providing collective security and stability for the entire continent.

Question How did Great Britain respond to Napoleon’s blockade – a policy he called the Continental System?

Answer 4 – 40 Britain organized their own blockade.

Question Which important battle caused Napoleon to give up his plans of invading Britain?

Answer 4 – 50 The Battle of Trafalgar

Question The increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the 18 th - century is known as the ___________ ____________.

Answer 5 – 10 Industrial Revolution

Question A policy that allowed owners of industry to set working conditions without government interference is known as _______-________.

Answer 5 – 20 Laissez-faire.

Question List at least one thing that resulted from the agricultural revolution.

Answer 5 – 30 The agricultural revolution led to the following: – Small farmers became tenant farmers or moved to cities – Enclosures became landmarks of wealthy landowners – Landowners experimented with new agricultural methods

Question True/False: During the Industrial Revolution, population grew faster than the housing supply.

Answer 5 – 40 True

Question Proponents of the ______-_________ system refused to interfere in either domestic or international economic affairs.

Answer 5 – 50 Free-market

Question True/False: because of technological advances, the production of goods were increased.

Answer 6 – 10 True

Question What were the three factors of production during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 6 – 20 Land Labor Capital

Question True/False: Living conditions were drastically improved at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.

Answer 6 – 30 False: – Living conditions in the cities were terrible and led to disease and death.

Question Name at least two people or countries that were influenced by Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto.

Answer 6 – 40 Russia’s Vladimir Lenin Cuba’s Fidel Castro

Question What was the first area of industrial society to undergo major industrialization?

Answer 6 – 50 Textile Industry – New advances in technology allowed machines to do most of the work.

Question 7 – 10 According to the policy of ___________, a nation should sell more goods than it buys from other countries.

Answer Mercantilism

Question 7 – 20 True/False: Nationalism was a force that ultimately led to all of the following: – Tore apart centuries-old empires – Gave rise to the nation-states – Was oppressed by conservatives

Answer 7 – 20 True

Question 7 – 30 List at least two ways the Atlantic slave trade negatively affected the African culture.

Answer 7 – 30 Many African cultures lost their strongest members of society African families were torn apart

Question 7 – 40 Which European policy reflected the belief that Africans should be watched over and taken care of?

Answer 7 – 40 Paternalism

Question 7 – 50 Which British colony was considered the most valuable?

Answer 7 – 50 India: the “jewel in the crown”