Rise of Russia Ch. 18

I. Introduction Became an empire shortly after overthrowing the Mongols (tartars)Became an empire shortly after overthrowing the Mongols (tartars) Spread to the Pacific Ocean through the efforts of the tsarsSpread to the Pacific Ocean through the efforts of the tsars Russia believed that it was the 3 rd Rome and succeeded ByzantiumRussia believed that it was the 3 rd Rome and succeeded Byzantium Tsar-CaesarTsar-Caesar

I. Introduction Russia under MongolsRussia under Mongols Many Russians adopted Mongol dressMany Russians adopted Mongol dress Russian Orthodox continued as main religionRussian Orthodox continued as main religion Artistic innovation declinedArtistic innovation declined Economy declinesEconomy declines Peasants became serfs and business declinePeasants became serfs and business decline Agricultural focusAgricultural focus

II. Tsarist Expansion 1 st great tsar- Ivan the Great aka Ivan III1 st great tsar- Ivan the Great aka Ivan III Freed Russia from TartarsFreed Russia from Tartars Believed Russia was third Rome and utilized Roman Orthodox churchBelieved Russia was third Rome and utilized Roman Orthodox church Expanded territory out from MoscowExpanded territory out from Moscow Ivan the Terrible (IV)Ivan the Terrible (IV) Pushed South and East from MoscowPushed South and East from Moscow Brutal ruler who killed boyars (aristocrats) to solidify ruleBrutal ruler who killed boyars (aristocrats) to solidify rule

II. Tsarist Expansion Expansion into Central AsiaExpansion into Central Asia Pushed Mongols backPushed Mongols back Prevented future nomadic invasionPrevented future nomadic invasion Settled by CossacksSettled by Cossacks Russian Pioneers that disliked strict ruleRussian Pioneers that disliked strict rule Military based on horsesMilitary based on horses Made Russia multicultural (not just Slavic)Made Russia multicultural (not just Slavic) Ran by a bureaucracy based on nobles rewarded for loyalty to tsarRan by a bureaucracy based on nobles rewarded for loyalty to tsar

II. Tsarist Expansion Times of TroublesTimes of Troubles Resulted from Ivan IV not having an heirResulted from Ivan IV not having an heir Poland and Sweden invaded Western and Northern territoriesPoland and Sweden invaded Western and Northern territories Boyars fought for powerBoyars fought for power Settled in 1613 when the boyars chose the Romanov family to being the ruling familySettled in 1613 when the boyars chose the Romanov family to being the ruling family Lasted until the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917Lasted until the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917

II. Tsarist Expansion Michael RomanovMichael Romanov First Romanov rulerFirst Romanov ruler Reestablished orderReestablished order Took over part of UkraineTook over part of Ukraine Alexis RomanovAlexis Romanov Succeeded MichaelSucceeded Michael Abolished Assembly of NoblesAbolished Assembly of Nobles Continued ExpansionContinued Expansion Removed superstitions from churchRemoved superstitions from church Exiled Old Believers to SiberiaExiled Old Believers to Siberia

II. Tsarist Expansion Peter the GreatPeter the Great Son of AlexisSon of Alexis Traveled to Western Europe in DisguiseTraveled to Western Europe in Disguise Wanted to westernize RussiaWanted to westernize Russia Nobles shaved beards, changed clothesNobles shaved beards, changed clothes Bureaucratic system with magistrates appointed by TsarBureaucratic system with magistrates appointed by Tsar Encouraged use of serfs for mining and agricultureEncouraged use of serfs for mining and agriculture Encouraged ArtsEncouraged Arts Expanded territoryExpanded territory

II. Tsarist Expansion Catherine the GreatCatherine the Great Came to power after a period of weak rulersCame to power after a period of weak rulers German Princess who married Peter IIIGerman Princess who married Peter III Peter died and she took overPeter died and she took over Very successful rulerVery successful ruler Consolidated powerConsolidated power Put down Pugachev RebellionPut down Pugachev Rebellion Brought ideas of French EnlightenmentBrought ideas of French Enlightenment Divided Poland with Austria and PrussiaDivided Poland with Austria and Prussia Gave Nobles more power over serfsGave Nobles more power over serfs Got involved in Western European politicsGot involved in Western European politics

III. Beginning of Modern Russia Life for peasants greatly declinedLife for peasants greatly declined Continually declined with the onset of serfdomContinually declined with the onset of serfdom Landowners/nobles greatly taxed and punished serfsLandowners/nobles greatly taxed and punished serfs Debt Slavery for peasantsDebt Slavery for peasants 1649 –hereditary status of serfs- virtually slaves1649 –hereditary status of serfs- virtually slaves EconomyEconomy Exported raw goods for finished productsExported raw goods for finished products Labor and manufacturing took place in countrysideLabor and manufacturing took place in countryside Surplus went to lordsSurplus went to lords

III. Beginning of Modern Russia Pugachev RebellionPugachev Rebellion Cossack Chieftan, Emelian Pugachev, claimed to be the next tsarCossack Chieftan, Emelian Pugachev, claimed to be the next tsar Promised end to serfdom, high taxes and military conscriptionPromised end to serfdom, high taxes and military conscription Caused problems in Southern RussiaCaused problems in Southern Russia Quartered in Moscow when capturedQuartered in Moscow when captured

IV. Conclusion Russian Tsars created a huge empire that was able to pull up massive armiesRussian Tsars created a huge empire that was able to pull up massive armies Treatment of Peasants/Serfs led to Bolshevik Revolution and CommunismTreatment of Peasants/Serfs led to Bolshevik Revolution and Communism