1. States of Eastern Europe

2.  Explain how Austria and Prussia emerged as great powers in Europe.  Explain how Peter the Great tried to make Russia into a modern state.  List the steps that Peter the Great took to expand Russia’s borders.  Summarize how Catherine the great strengthened Russia. Objectives

3.  Westernization  Boyar  Warm-water port  partition Key Terms

4.  A ruler with unlimited power **Autocrat**

5.  a period (1598- 1613) in Russian history when disorder was widespread and Moscow was threatened by civil war. Time of Troubles

6.  3 Major groups: 1. Poles  2. Czechs  3. Slovaks  Religions: Eastern Slavs—Russian and Ukrainians—Eastern Orthodox Church  Southern Slavs—Croatians and Serbs—Roman Catholic Slavic People

7.  Descendants of Magyars  1000 converted to Christianity  Their ruler, Stephen unified Hungary and set up a feudal system that gave power to a few land owning nobles Hungarian State

8.  Overrun by Mongol invaders  ½ of population killed  Original line of rulers died out 1308 Charles Robert—French became King Introduced western feudalism and chivalry Encouraged trade and growth of towns. What prevented Hungary from developing a unified State?

9.  Continued to limit noble power  Rulers in East became vassals of the King  South had to defend against the Ottoman Turks Louis I—Charles son

10.  Turks defeat Hungarians and kill the king  Austrians Hapsburg’s claim crown of Hungary  By 1540, most of Hungary under Ottoman Turk control. Battle of Mohacs

11.  Casimir III-  Encouraged the settlement of Polish lands by Western Europeans by Western Europeans and also by Jews  Jews were permitted to practice their religion freely. Poland

12.  Began to elect the monarch  Had the power to halt meetings by a veto and dissolve Parliament. Feudal Nobles

13.  Poland’s weakness and lack of natural boundaries made it easy to conquer.  **Russia, Prussia and Austria take parts of Poland**  Poland lost 1/3 of land and ½ population Poland Disappears

14.  Poland starts reform  Russia crushes it  More territory is given to Russia and Prussia  Poland tries to fight back, but loses  The rest of Poland is divided between Russia, Prussia Austria Reform movements

15.  **Ivan IV—Ivan the Terrible  What makes him so terrible?  Ruled with unlimited power, harsh treatment of boyars Russia

16.  Effects of his rule:  Few trained officials were still alive  Freedom of the peasants limited  Armed bands of serfs, farmers, and adventurers ran around Russia  Moscow was threatened by civil war, peasant revolts, and invasion Ivan the Terrible

17. Russia’s Great Leaders

18.  Tried to “westernize” Russia  Traveled throughout Western Europe in disguise. Peter the Great

19.  Made Russia a major power by:  Defeating Sweden and gaining territory along the Baltic  Reformed army and navy  Appointed government officials  Divided Russia into provinces…sets up an efficient bureaucracy  New industries What makes him so great?

20.  Russian Orthodox church under state control  **Peter required all classes to serve the state**  Landowners acted as government officials and army officers.  Peasants—soldiers or worked on public building projects.

21.  Nobles had to wear Western style clothing  Started schools for children of nobility  Modernized Russian calendar  Simplified the alphabet  Stopped excluding women from social life  Tried to train bureaucrats in the Western manner  1703 created new capital St. Petersburg New customs

22.  Freed nobles from careers in the military and encouraged them to manage their own estates….greater freedom.  Upper classes benefit the most  Expanded the Russian empire from north shore of Black Sea  Main goal/achievement ---to gain a warm water sea port Catherine the Great

23.  Explain how Austria and Prussia emerged as great powers in Europe.  Added territory and expanded their military  Explain how Peter the Great tried to make Russia into a modern state.  Encouraged westernization  List the steps that Peter the Great took to expand Russia’s borders.  Took Sweden and the Ottoman empire  Summarize how Catherine the great strengthened Russia.  Codified laws Objectives

24.  Westernization  Become like the west…Peter  Boyar  Land owning nobles  Warm-water port  Russia searched for this  Partition  divided Key Terms