Rajdhani Institute of Technology & Management Rajasthan Technical University Submitted By:- Name:- Tapan Sharma RTU Roll no. :-09ERDEE057 Stream:- Electrical Semester:- 7 th Submitted To:- Name:- Mr. Amit Shrivastav Designation:- H.O.D of EE Dept.

Short description on hydro power plants:- As we know that hydro power plants are the most efficient power plants in the world. These power plants are the conventional sources of energy generation. In these power plants Water is used to generate electricity. The initial cost of these power plants is usually high, because of their location planning, costly robust construction. To construct a hydro power plant, we have to make sure that the location should satisfy all the parameters. Hydro power plants are the only type of power plants which can generate electricity at very low cost comparison to others. There are no harms to the environment by these generating stations. So here we are talking about Rana Pratap Sagar Dam. To take an overview of this power plant we can divide it into some divisions, these are following:- Introduction (History) Damming (spillways, reservoir, etc.) Mechanical systems (turbines, hoists, etc.) Electrical systems (generators, power transformers, etc.) Communication systems (PLCC) Governing system Transmission arrangements (switch yard)

Introduction:- Rana pratap sagar dam is a hydraulic power plant and it is the first power generating utility in Rajasthan state, it comes under RRVUNL. It is located on the Chambal River. It is a Canadian power plant. The construction of this power plant starts in year 1953 and had completed in year This power plant is officially declared open on 9 Feb by Indira Gandhi the prime minister of India. The cost to construct this Canadian power plant is near about 4065 millions. It is the scheme of the government to cascade four dams on Chambal River to developments in rural areas. The cascaded dams are following:- Gandhi sagar dam (M.P.) Rana pratap sagar dam (Rajasthan) Jawahar sagar dam (Rajasthan) Kota barrage (Rajasthan) After these dams the water which is came out and used for irrigation purpose in Rajasthan. That was the one utilization of this power utility. The another one is that, it is generating 172 MW energy with 4 units of 43 MW each for over 40 years. The power of this power plant is distributed in the Rajasthan, M.P and it gives an auxiliary supply to the other states.

Sr no.particulars 1Water storage capacity9600 sq. mile 2Catchment area76.55 sq. mile 3Reservoir capacity76.55 lakh acr. ft. 4Max. reservoir level1162 ft. 5Min draw down level ft. 6Full reservoir level1157 ft. 7Dia. Of penstock20 ft. 8Maximum head189 ft. 9Minimum head152 ft. 10Creast gate17; 60x28 ft. 11Sluice gate4; 9x11 ft. 12Length of tunnel4840 ft. 13Dia. Of tunnel40 ft. 14Maximum discharge14000 cusecs 15Length of top portion of dam3750 ft. 16Maximum height of dam177 ft. Damming:- This part contains the information about civil construction of dam. Some of them are given below:-

Mechanical systems:- In this portion we discuss about the mechanical works in this power plant. Huge turbines are used to make the generator to rotate. Generally there are two types of turbines, Reaction turbines:- Kaplan turbines Francis turbines Bulb turbines Impulse turbines:- Pelton turbines Impulse type turbines are generally used for very high head. Whereas reaction turbines are used for medium or very low head. We use a sequence to make it easy to remember PFK, here abbreviation for PFK is Pelton- Francis-Kaplan. So reaction turbines are used in most hydraulic power plants. In Rana pratap sagar dam we are using Francis turbine due to average head (189 ft.) of dam. Every turbines has a separate panel to operate and to show readings like pressure of water on vanes, RPM, opening and closing of wicket gates etc. each unit has also a governing system which is described below.

Above figure shows the vertically installed Francis turbine. It has a shaft in the center which connects the turbine to the rotor of generator through mechanical coupling. Turbine blades (vanes) are connected in the end part and moving gates are covered the blades which are called guide vanes, water comes through some kind of gates called wicket gates. These can move with the help of a pin placed in center of each blades. The main purpose of these blades to control the quantity of incoming water through penstock and make turbine’s speed constant. These wicket gates are covered by a hollow structure known as scroll case. Water flows through the penstock and comes into scroll case and make that blades rotate. The shaft of turbine is mechanically coupled to the rotor of the generator make that to rotate with it. In Rana Pratap Sagar Dam the diameter of penstock is 20 ft. and in scroll case, the diameter decreased to maintain the speed of water till the end. Electrical systems:- This section includes the electrical equipments like power transformers, generators, protection systems. Generator’s rotor rotates through the turbine by water power. In this power plant we have four self excited generators. Exciter excites the field winding of generator and due to lenz’s law an emf is induced in the winding coils and electric power generates. As we know that generator is the device which converts mechanical power to electrical power. In Rana pratap sagar HEPS 11kv or volts are generated in four units.

Generator description:- Manufacturer:- General Electric, Canada Volts: KVA: RPM:- 125 KW: AMP: Cycles:- 50 Excitation volts:- 250 excitation AMP:- 854 Max. stator temp. rise:- 55c Rana pratap sagar dam has four generators of these above given rating. Now we come to the power transformers. Power transformers are basically step up transformers which is used to step up the voltage which is generated by generator to transmission. Here a query clicks in mind, why we need to step up the generated voltage? This is because in transmissions, there are so many losses occurs in the line so if we transmit the voltage without step it up we cannot able to make efficient transmission. These power transformers are very huge & in every official maintenance period some tests are perform in it & check the condition of every transformer one by one. These testing are very necessary due to protection and efficient operation.

In Rana pratap sagar HEPS we have four power transformers. Ratings of these are given below:- KVA: or 55 MVA Core & coil mass: Kg Rated voltage:- HV V Tank mass: Kg LV V Oil mass: Kg Full load current:- HV: A Oil quantity: Ltr. LV: A Total mass: Kg Temp rise:- oil- 35*C WDG. - 55*C Phases:- 3 Frequency:- 50 Hz

Communication system(PLCC):- PLCC is the abbreviation for power line carrier communication. This completely electronic system which is used to communicate between two power plants. As we know that this station is the part of cascaded arrangement. So to communicate between them we need to use a medium. This PLCC system used as a medium. This system consists of various parts like RTU(Remote terminal units), Rectifier, PLCC sets etc. Here we are talking about communication system, it is definite that we are using electronic devices so to make them work we should connect them to low voltage DC. The complete communication system works on 42 Volts DC in this power plant. To convert the ac power supply rectifier is used. PLCC sets are subjected on every feeder which is connected to the other station. Here we are connected to our neighbor power plants or GSS through PLCC systems. Here we are connected to following stations:- RAPP(Rawatbhata) Gandhi sagar dam (MP) Kota Barrage Jawahar sagar dam Bhilwara GSS.

Governing system:- This governing system is the main part of the power plant. This governing system is used in every power plant therefore it has a great significance. Governor is the device which makes the speed of turbine constant. The governor consists of many mechanical parts. Let us assume if the load demand increases or decreases incidentally then the load on the turbine sudden increases or decreases and there are chances of damage. Increased load try to decreases the speed of turbine while decreased load try to increase the speed of the turbine. But we should have to maintain the speed at 125 RPM. For this purpose governor moves the wicket gates and maintain the pressure of the water at 25 Kg or 26 Kg. this will maintain the speed of turbine at 125 RPM and we gets regulated voltage supply from it.

Transmission arrangements:- To transmit the bulk of power we use a proper arrangement which can be termed as switch yard. Transmission of V is not such an easy thing. We have to make the protection arrangements and after then we should make sure that the protection system is completely healthy or not. A switch yard consists of various parts:- Instrument transformers: - Here we use instrument transformers for both the measuring and protection purpose. We cannot measure the current and the voltage at the high tension lines by ammeter and voltmeter respectively. So we use CT’s (current transformer) & PT’s (potential transformer) for it. Circuit breaker (SF6): - Here we use circuit breakers for the protection purpose. These breakers filled by SF6 gas which is works as arc quenching medium. Bus bars: - In this plant two bus bars are connected. Bus A and Bus B. bus coupler is used to couple these buses. Feeders: - 7 feeders are subjected on bus bars and feeder connected to HT line through circuit breakers. Isolators: - Isolators are used to isolate the HT line to feeder manually.

Advantages:- 1. Once a dam is constructed, electricity can be produced at a constant rate. 2.If electricity is not needed, the sluice gates can be shut, stopping electricity generation. The water can be saved for use another time when electricity demand is high. 3.Dams are designed to last many decades and so can contribute to the generation of electricity for many years / decades. 4.The lake that forms behind the dam can be used for water sports and leisure / pleasure activities. Often large dams become tourist attractions in their own right. 5.The lake's water can be used for irrigation purposes. Disadvantages:- 1.Dams are extremely expensive to build and must be built to a very high standard. 2.The high cost of dam construction means that they must operate for many decades to become profitable. 3.The flooding of large areas of land means that the natural environment is destroyed. 4.People living in villages and towns that are in the valley to be flooded, must move out. This means that they lose their farms and businesses.

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