1. Carrara, March 2011 Introduction to Small Water Turbine

5. A simple example A small water fall has Q = 2800l/min and a potential ΔH of 7m, Then the potential energy could be : From the above data we can also calculate the final water Speed = to 11.7 m/s and the minum area of the pipe 0,039 m2 (it is only a 22cm diameter pipe !) Δ E = 2800 /1000 /60 *9,8 * 7 = 3,2 Kwh

6. How can I collect the water energy ? Water mill, water wheel Low Power, not reliable old technology, poor efficiency ( <60%), limited application

7. How can I collect the water energy ? High and medium power, high-end technology, high efficiency, unlimited application Water Turbine

8. Generally we can divide the WT in 3 main groups KAPLAN PELTON FRANCIS

9. PELTONFRANCISKAPLAN TopologyDirect ActionCentripetal Reaction Axial Reaction Flow Rate (m 3 /s)< 10Up to 100< 100 Geodedic H (m)50<H<100010<H< 3005<H< 50 Power (Kw)Up to 10000200 - 10000Up to 10000 Field of use for the different WT Water Turbine

10. Classification : turbine Pelton, Francis, Kaplan The Francis and Kaplan turbines have a structure which varies according to n s By increasing n s the centripetal structure of the machine decreases Moving from high flow rates Q and low falls H the structure of the machines becomes axial Francis turbines cover a large range of use

11. Classification : Pelton turbines The Pelton turbines : Cover the low n s values It is a pure action turbine It is suitable for high falls H and low flow rates Q

12. Classification : Francis turbine The Francis turbine : Covers medium values of n s It is a turbine with medium reaction degrees It is suitable for medium fall H and medium flow rates Q

13. Classification : Kaplan turbine (with propeller) The Kaplan turbine : Covers the range of high n s values it is a turbine with high medium reaction degree It is suitable for low falls H and high flow rates Q

14. Francis Turbine These turbines are widely used for drops up to around 500 m The reaction degree and its axial-radial production varies with n s

15. Spiral Impeller Adjustable vanes Francis Turbine

16. Francis Turbine: Impeller It is a centripetal impeller The number of blades varies from 8 to 20 By increasing the number of rotation it can be observed : A reduction of the number blades A reduction of radial value Increase in the distance between the stator and the rotor

17. Kaplan Turbine The reaction degree is rather high (R ~0.7) The number of blades is between 3 to 7 The blades are generally adjustable The blades of the impeller can be equipped for the regulation of the fitment (variable step, Kaplan)

18. Kaplan Turbine Kaplan impeller with variable pitch vanes

19. Bulb Turbine These are very frequent for drops under 10 m The alternator is housed in a «bulb» completely immersed in water In such a machine the pipe diffuser is of main importance

20. Bulb Turbines are a subset of the Kaplan Turbines The impeller is «in line» submersed

21. MAS SERIES

22. Delivers energy under ANY CONDITION without compromise Works with any kind of water : industrial recycled water (cooling or process pipes) waste water (depurators) saline water (dissalator) sands water (cleaning process, oil process) Works in any water condition : turbulence From 10% to 150% of the nominal water flow pressure variation (up to 10 bar)

23. MAS SERIES So that they are suitable for : Rivers, torrents Drain / Irrigation Channels Collectors Sea wave or Intermittent Flows Water Tank Distribution Working with a MINIMUM HEIGHT of 3m with any flow rate

24. MAS SERIES Environmental friendly No lubrication or polluted material is used inside the machine Minimum of civil work to install any size of water turbine Absolutely silent operation

25. MAS SERIES Are SUBMERSIBLE (IP 68) Made with materials resistant to abrasion and corrosion Easy to install, easy to remove Easy to commissioning They can be connected «in line» in any piping application They can be use to reduce the pressure for any the city water tank without problem of pollution.

26. MAS SERIES Free of Maintenance Impeller and Feeder are resistant to corrosion and abrasion There are no ball bearings Generators and other electrical parts are waterproof and high pressure sealed MTBF > 100.000h (with clear water at rated power)

27. l/min MAS SERIES High efficiency at all the flow rates > 30% of power at only 10% of flow

28. MAS SERIES LARGE RANGE OF POWER AND COMBINATION Power - and physical - Size From 1kW to 250 kW Unlimited Combination – Series/Parallel Booster

29. 10 x (MAS-3) = 30 Kw MAS SERIES Example of Boost Application

30. MAS SERIES Electric and Electronics Components PMM or Asynchronous Generators Inverter Grid tied connection at low tension with the most of the approvals: EN58432, VDE0126, DK5940 Possibility to reverse the flux (pump mode) when cleaning the pipe is necessary Energy and other major data monitoring Remote data and alarms transmission

31. MAS SERIES Robust Design: Working Temperature : - 20 + 55°C Max Pressure 10 bar Works from Vertical to Horizontal Position H max = 100 m H min = 3 m Flow Max = 8m 3 /s

32. MAS SERIES Application Example: Depurator

33. Starting Point Insertion point of the turbine MAS SERIES Application Example: Carrione torrent

34. MAS SERIES