1. Foundation Program in ICT for Education
IITBombayX: FDP101x
Foundation Program in ICT for Education
Resource Creation RC 02
Renu V
Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronics
Lourdes Matha College of Science and Technology

2. HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT2

4. Contents Introduction Generating Stations Hydroelectric Power Station
Working Principle
Schematic Arrangement
Basic Components
Advantages
Disadvantages
Applications

5. INTRODUCTION Electrical Energy
Considered as the supplier of all other forms of energy.
Easily converted into other forms of energy.
Cheaper than other forms.
Economical to use this for domestic, commercial, industrial and agricultural purposes.
Hence, bulk electric power is required.

6. GENERATING STATIONS Employs a Prime-mover coupled to an alternator.
Prime-mover converts energy from some other form into mechanical energy.
Alternator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Electrical energy is transmitted and distributed with the help of conductors to various consumers.

7. HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER STATION
One of the most widely used renewable source of energy for generating electricity on large scale basis.
Utilize the potential energy of water at a high level for the generation of electrical energy.
Cannot be located every where.

8. HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER STATION
Requirement
Ample quantity of water at sufficient head.
Suitable site must be available
Amount of power developed depends on
Quantity of water available
Rate at which its available
Head – created by constructing a dam across a river/lake.

9. Working of HydroElectric Power Plant

10. SCHEMATIC ARRANGEMENT

11. Main Components 1.Dam To store water.
Regulate the outgoing flow of water.
To increase the head of the water.

12. 2. Reservoir Two types Natural reservoir : lake in high altitude.
Artificial reservoir : formed by constructing a dam across a river.
It stores water during rainy season.
It helps to maintain a steady water head for the turbine to operate.
The water level of the reservoir is called head race.

13. 3.Penstock
Conduit that takes the water from the reservoir to the power house.
Steel pipes: For carrying water at medium and high pressure.
RCC pipes: for low pressure.
A pressure tunnel is taken off from the reservoir to the valve house if there is an obstruction.

14. 4.Valve house Main sluice valves for controlling water flow.
Isolating valves for cutting off water supply in case of penstock bursts (automatic).

15. 5. Surge tank
Small additional storage facility provided just before the valve house.
Provided for better regulation of water pressure in the system.

16. 6. Power house It houses turbine and the generator.
Turbine: Hydraulic to mechanical energy.
Generator: Mechanical to Electrical energy.
The used water from the turbine is released through the tail race.

17. 7. Water Turbine
Water from the penstock is taken into the water turbine.
The turbine is mechanically coupled to an electric generator.
Kinetic energy of the water drives the turbine and consequently the generator gets driven.
There are two main types of water turbine
Impulse turbine : Used for large heads
Reaction turbine : Used for low and medium heads.

18. 8. Generator A generator is mounted in the power house.
It is mechanically coupled to the turbine shaft.
When the turbine blades are rotated, it drives the generator and electricity is generated which is then stepped up with the help of a transformer for the transmission purpose.

19. Reflection Spot Question
Can you list some of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydroelectric Power Plant

20. ADVANTAGES No fuel is required. Hence operating costs are low.
Highly reliable and cheap in operation and maintenance.
Very neat and clean plant – no smoke or ash is produced.
Robust and have got longer life.
The dam and reservoir serve the purpose of irrigation and flood control.

21. DISADVANTAGES It requires large area.
Construction cost is high, requires long time for erection.
Long transmission lines are required – since plants are located in hilly areas.
Uncertainty about availability of water – depends on weather condition.

22. APLLICATIONS Normally the hydropower plants are developed because of
To control the floods in the rivers
To produce electricity
To store the water for the irrigation

23. Can you list some of the Hydroelectric Projects in Kerala
Reflection Spot
Question
Can you list some of the Hydroelectric Projects in Kerala

24. Hydro Electric Projects in Kerala
Idukki Hydroelectric Project
Sabarigiri Hydroelectric Project
Idamalayar Hydroelectric Project
Sholayar Hydroelectric Project
Pallivasal Hydroelectric Project
Kuttiyadi Hydroelectric Project
Panniyar Hydroelectric Project
Neriyamangalam Hydroelectric Project
Lower Periyar Hydroelectric Project
Poringalkuthu Hydroelectric Project
Sengulam Hydroelectric Project
Kakkad Hydroelectric Project