Acids & Bases

What are acids? Sour-tasting and water-soluble ionic compounds. Extremely reactive compounds that combine with many substances. They are good conductors of electricity since they contain ions. All acids contain hydrogen that, when dissolved in water, release H + ions: HCl H + + Cl - **The hydrogen tips us off that the compound is an acid.

Naming Acids If acid is made of only a hydrogen and one other element, use the prefix "hydro", the stem of the element, and the suffix "ic." For example, HCl is hydrochloric acid.

Naming Acids If acid is made of a hydrogen ion and a polyatomic ion: start with the name of the ion. Subtract the "ate" or "ite" from the end. If it was an "ate" add the suffix "ic" and if it was an "ite" add the suffix "ous." Then finish by adding acid. For example, H 2 SO 4 (a hydrogen and a sulfate ion) is named Sulfuric acid.

Common Acids Common NameFormulaSource/Use vinegar(acetic acid)HC 2 H 3 O 2(aq) salad dressing citric acidHC 6 H 7 O 7(aq) oranges ascorbic acidHC 6 H 7 O 6(aq) vitamin C lactic acidHC 3 H 5 O 3(aq) sour milk carbonic acidH 2 CO 3(aq) carbonated drinks sulphuric acidH 2 SO 4(aq) car batteries

Bases bitter tasting, water-soluble, feel slippery in aqueous solution.

Bases good conductors of electricity because they release hydroxide ions (OH - ) when they dissolve in water. e.g. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) produces sodium ions (Na + ) and hydroxide ions (OH - ) when it dissolves in water. NaOH (aq)  Na + (aq) + OH - (aq)

Bases Most bases are compounds that contain the hydroxide ion (OH - ). Whenever you see an ionic formula with a hydroxide, you know it will be a base. (NaOH)

Common Bases Common NameFormulaUse sodium hydroxideNaOH (aq) drain cleaner potassium hydroxideKOH (aq) soap aluminium hydroxideAl(OH) 3(aq) antacids ammonium hydroxideNH 4 OH (aq) window cleaner sodium bicarbonateNaHCO 3(aq) baking soda

Homework P.271 #1-5 Naming acids & bases worksheet