Ms. Richardson

 Split into groups of 4  Female Reproduction Handouts will be given to each group.  Try and label the diagram to the best of your ability.  Which ever team gets the most correct gets a point.  Each group has 10 minutes then answers will be reviewed.

 Ovary- The female reproductive organ that produces eggs and the hormones estrogen and progesterone.  Ovum- Inside the ovary and is what the sperm unites with for pregnancy to occur.  Uterus- The female reproductive organ that provides a place to support a developing human.  Cervix- The narrow base of the uterus that leads to the vagina.  Urinary Bladder- The hallow muscular sack that stores urine.  Vagina- The female reproductive organ that connects the outside of the body to the uterus and receives sperm during sexual intercourse also the birth canal.

 Labia majora- The larger outer pair of skin folds that enclose the vulva.  Labia minora- The smaller inner pair of skin folds that enclose the vulva.  Fallopian tubes- have small hair like projections called cilia on the cells of the lining. These tubal cilia are essential to the movement of the egg through the tube into the uterus.

 Ovaries- Produce eggs and the hormones called estrogen and progesterone.  Ovulation- Process by which the ovaries release mature eggs.  Eggs- Are sex cells that are produced by the ovaries and that can be fertilized by the sperm.  Estrogen causes the growth of pubic and underarm hair.  Estrogen and Progesterone regulate the monthly release of an egg and prepare the body for pregnancy.

 Ovary  Oviduct or Fallopian Tube  Uterus  Cervix  Vagina

 Puberty is the time when your body begins to develop and change as you move from child to adult.  These hormones target the two ovaries, which contain eggs that have been in the girl's body since she was born.  The hormones cause the ovaries to start making another hormone, called estrogen. Together, these hormones prepare a girl's body to start her periods and be able to become pregnant someday.  PMS- Post Menstrual Syndrome

 Breast development  This is the first sign of puberty in girls  Body Size  Arms, legs, hands, and feet may grow faster than the rest of the body.  Although boys and girls are generally of similar height during middle childhood, that changes with the beginning of puberty. In junior high school, girls are often taller than boys, but with time, boys catch up and usually surpass girls in terms of height.  Skin  Adolescent's skin may get more oily and begin to sweat more. This is because the skin's oil and sweat glands are growing too.  Menstruation  Menstruation usually begins anytime between 7 and 13 years of age. The following are some of the changes girls go through during puberty:

 Ovulation occurs when a mature egg is released from the ovary, pushed down the fallopian tube, and is available to be fertilized.  The lining of the uterus has thickened to prepare for a fertilized egg.  If no conception occurs, the uterine lining as well as blood will be shed.  The shedding of an unfertilized egg and the uterine wall is the time of menstruation.

 HdxQ HdxQ

 What is menstruation?...  Is a combination of hormonal and physical changes in the body.  Is a monthly series of hormone controlled changes that prepare the uterine lining for a pregnancy.

 Day 1-5  Menstruation begins. Blood and lining of the uterus flow out of the body  Day 6-14  The hormone estrogen helps prepare the body for pregnancy. The hormones FSH and LH cause an egg to mature in an ovary. As the egg matures, the endocrine thickens. Ovulation occurs around day 14.  Days  The hormone progesterone helps maintain the lining of the uterus as the uterus waits for the fertilized egg

 ve_03.swf ve_03.swf

 jk1Q&feature=player_detailpage jk1Q&feature=player_detailpage

 Starts with the union of an egg from a female and a sperm from a male.  From the vagina the sperm travel through the uterus and into the fallopian tubes where fertilization occurs.  The genetic material of the egg and sperm combined to form a cell is called a zygote.  Each male and female sex cell contain 23 chromosomes. When these two haploid cells join, they form a single diploid cell that contains a total of 46 chromosomes.  Zygote travels down the fallopian tubes to the uterus.  It then divides into 2 cells, then 4 cells then into a ball of many cells.

-The embryo implants in the uterus. - A developing human from fertilization through the first 8 weeks of development is called an embryo. - Once the baby grows it is dependent on the placenta. - The placenta is a blood vessel-rich organ that forms in a mothers uterus and provides nutrients and oxygen. Also removes waste.

 First 3 months (Weeks 1-14)  By the fourth week of development the heart starts beating, arms and leg buds appear, the eyes and brain begin to develop.  Surrounding the embryo is a thin fluid called the amnion which protects the growing embryo.  The umbilical cord also develops and connects the embryo to the placenta.

 4-6 Months  Time when organ systems begin to develop.  By 4 months the mother can feel the baby kick or move.  Sex of the baby can be determined.  Hair forms, fingers and toes grow nails.

 7-9 Months  Where the fetus gains most its weight.

 Labor is contractions of the uterus strong enough to push the fetus through the vagina for delivery.  Mild contractions are known as false labor which are the warm up contractions that many females experience before the birth process.

 First stage  Dilation- cervix is opening. The cervix dilates until the babies head can pass through.

 Second stage  Expulsion stage- the urinary contractions push the infant through the birth canal.  Crowing occurs- top of the babies head is first seen.  The amniotic sac breaks and the baby is born.  Episiotomy- surgical cut made in the vagina during child birth when the vagina can not stretch without tearing to allow the baby to pass.

 Third stage  Placental stage- placenta allows the baby to get the essential nutrients from the mother.

 Breech Birth- When the infant is born feet first.

 Multiple eggs are released or there is more than one ovulation. Both (or more) eggs are fertilized and you have fraternal twins.  One egg is release but splits in two. Identical twins are made.

 Morning Sickness  Headaches  Constipation  Cramps  Fatigue  Skin Changes  Frequent Urination  Hair Changes  Heartburn  Nail Changes  Breast Changes  Changes in Vision  Faintness Dizziness  Vaginal Discharge  Mood Swings and Apprehension  Sleep Disturbances

 Cesarean- Surgical childbirth in which the infant is lifted through an incision in the woman's abdomen.

 Is the expelling if a zygote, embryo or fetus.  Most miscarriages take place early with no other signs then a heavy menstrual flow.  Many miscarriages occur because of chromosomal abnormalities or other abnormality types within development.  Certain factors such as age, smoking, drugs, caffeine and weight can increase the risk of a miscarriage.

 /01/ htm /01/ htm

 Tubal ligation or also known as "tubes tied" is a surgical procedure for sterilization in which a woman's fallopian tubes are clamped and blocked, or severed and sealed, either method of which prevents eggs from reaching the uterus for fertilization.

 Results when the zygote implants in the fallopian tube, abdomen, ovary or cervix.  This makes it impossible for the fetus to receive nourishment and grow.  Without diagnosis and treatment the pregnancy eventually ruptures the tube and this can be fatal to the pregnant female.