Bellringer  Mestizos  cash crops I Can… Explain how British rule in India compared with U.S. influence in Latin America.

The The British Empire

The Devilfish in Egyptian Waters

The Sepoy Mutiny  British East Indian company took an active role in Indian affairs, hired Indian soldiers called sepoys  Sepoys rebelled in 1857 over the rumor of pig/cow fat used in new guns  As a result of the rebellion, the British Parliament transferred the rule of Indian from the BEIC to the British government  1867 Queen Victoria took the title of Empress of India

From “Punch” Magazine: Benjamin Disraeli gives Victoria her new crown

Picture of Sepoy rebellion

Numbered Heads #1  How did the British government become directly responsible for rule of India?

British Colonia Rule  Ruled through a viceroy  Brought in an honest and efficient government  Set up a school system using the English language to train upper class Indian children for civil and military service  British manufactured goods destroyed local Indian industries  Local officials abused their authority  Encouraged farmers to switch to cotton growth instead of food, millions died of starvation

Numbered Heads #2  What positive and negative consequences came with British rule in India?

Indian Nationalists  British presence led to Indian Independence  Could not count on the British to make changes  Formed the Indian National Congress (INC) called for a share of the government process  Gandhi started a nonviolent resistance against the government, aimed to force the British to improve the lot of poor people and to grant independence to India.  Gandhi was assassinated by the government in the early 1948

Mahatma Gandhi ( )

Numbered Heads #3  What sequence of events led to Indian Independence?

Colonial Indian Culture  A British college was established  Local publishing house was opened, printed a variety of textbooks  Newspapers were printed to gain support of the nationalist cause

Numbered Heads #4  How did British influence in India lead to a cultural awakening and arouse nationalism?

Workbook Partners  Ch. 22 Sec. 1 and 2 Pages

Nation Building in Latin America Imperialism and nationalist revolts in Latin and South America

Nationalist Revolts  Social classes divided Latin America  Peninsulares= officials from Spain and Portugal  Creoles= descended from Europeans(controlled land and businesses)  Mestizos = mixed European and Native American ancestry (worked as servants)  1810 Hidalgo lead a revolt of Native Americans and Mestizos against Spanish rule. It failed, he was executed!  Mexico became a republic in 1823

1823: Monroe Doctrine  Due to loss of power in Latin & South America, countries like Spain wanted to use force to gain back territory.  US President Monroe: guaranteed independence for L.A. nations & promised military support to them if Europeans invaded.

Numbered heads #5  What Latin American nations became independent in the early 1800’s and how did the United States guarantee their continued independence?

Difficulties in Nation Building  New nations wanted democracy, but lacked skills on how to self-lead  Result: Citizens wanted someone to lead them & leaders known as “caudillos” emerged.  Caudillos: relied on support from land-owning elites throughout their nation

Numbered Heads #6  What problems did new nations in Latin America Face?

Overall Economic Change in Latin America: Economic prosperity gained by: – Export of natural resources – Industrialization after 1900 – Education increased – Increased middle class

United States in Latin America:  As a result of Spanish- American War (1898):  Cuba became US protectorate  US annexed Puerto Rico  1914: Panama Canal opened

Numbered Heads #7  What changes took political and economic changes took place in Latin American countries after 1870?

Written Summarization (Closure)  How did British rule in India compare with U.S. influence in Latin America?