Figure 1. Emission Levels, Reference Case Projections for 2010 and 2020, and Target Caps for Electricity Generators Target 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 Thousand Tons per Year Nitrogen Oxides Target 0 4,000 8,000 12,000 16,000 Thousand Tons per Year Sulfur Dioxide Target Million MetricTons Carbon Equivalent per Year Carbon Dioxide Target Tons per Year Mercury

With Emissions Limits Figure 2. Electricity Prices With and Without Emissions Limits, (1999 cents per kilowatthour) Without Emissions Limits

,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 Without Emissions Limits With Emissions Limits HistoryProjections Figure 3. Electricity Sales With and Without Emissions Limits, (billion kilowatthours)

Figure 4. Projected Electricity Generation from Coal, Natural Gas, and Renewable Fuels (Excluding Cogenerators) With and Without Emissions Limits, 2010 and 2020 (billion kilowatthours) Without Emissions Limits With Emissions Limits ,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 CoalNatural GasRenewables Without Emissions Limits With Emissions Limits

Figure 5. Sulfur Dioxide Allowance Price With and Without Emissions Limits, (1999 dollars per ton) Without Emissions Limits With Emissions Limits

With Emissions Limits Figure 6. Carbon Dioxide Allowance Price, (1999 dollars per metric ton carbon equivalent)

,000 1,200 1,400 With Emissions Limits Figure 7. Nitrogen Oxides Allowance Price, (1999 dollars per ton)

Figure 8. Mercury Allowance Price, (million 1999 dollars per ton) With Emissions Limits

Unscrubbed Coal Plant Without SCRScrubbed Coal Plant With SCR Sulfur Dioxide Carbon Dioxide Mercury Figure 9. Impact of 2010 Allowance Prices on Coal Plant Operating Costs (1999 cents per kilowatthour)

Figure 10. Impacts of Emission Limits on Cumulative Resource Costs for Electricity Generation, (billion 1999 dollars) Change from Reference Case Without Emissions Limits 177

Without Emissions Limits With Emissions Limits Figure 11. Natural Gas Wellhead Prices With and Without Emissions Limits, (1999 dollars per thousand cubic feet)

,000 1,200 1,400 Without Emissions Limits With Emissions Limits HistoryProjections Figure 12. Coal Production With and Without Emissions Limits, (million short tons)

Figure 13. Impacts of Emission Limits on Delivered Energy Consumption in the Reference Case, 2010 and 2020 (quadrillion Btu) Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation

Figure 14. Allowance Prices Based on Emission Caps in the Smith/Voinovich/Brownback Analysis 2020 Allowance Prices Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides in 1999 Dollars per Ton Mercury in 1999 Dollars per Pound ,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 Reference75 Percent 0 15,000 30,000 45,000 60,000 75,000 90,000 Nitrogen Oxides Sulfur Dioxide Mercury 85,000 1,737 2,

Figure 15. Changes in Cumulative Resource Costs of Electricity Generation in the Smith/Voinovich/Brownback Cases