Chapter 13 The Rise of Mass Democracy 1

2 “Mass Democracy” Popular Sovereignty Federalist Party Dead Democratic-Republicans 1824 – 25% of Voters 1840 – 78% of Voters Whig Party Democratic Party

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4 Election of 1824 Democratic-Republicans: John Quincy Adams Henry Clay

5 Election of 1824 Democratic-Republicans: William H. Crawford Andrew Jackson

6 Adams Jackson Clay Crawford Others Election of 1824 Adams

7 Election of 1824 Corrupt Bargain of 1825 John Quincy Adams Henry Clay

8 Election of 1824 Corrupt Bargain of 1825 Secret Meeting Between Adams & Clay Clay Becomes Secretary of State Crawford Dying from a Stroke

9 Election of 1824 Henry Clay’s American System: Strong National Bank Protectionist Tariff Federal Government Promotes Internal Improvements

10 Henry Clay’s American System: Connected by National Roads and Canals – the West Provides Food for East and South & Raw Materials to Factories of the North South Provides Cotton to Factories of the North North Provides Manufactured Goods Need by West and South

11 Adams Administration Refused to Use the Spoils System Strong Nationalist Recommended Nat’l University, Nat’l Observatory, Fed. Funding of Internal improvements

12 Adams Administration Nation Moves Away from Nationalism to Sectionalism Southerners Fear Powerful National Government

13 Election of 1828 Andrew Jackson (Jacksonian Democrats)‏ John Q. Adams (National Republicans)‏ Jackson

14 Jackson Administration Spoils System=“Rotation in Office”-1 term in office Samuel Swartwout-Crook Peggy Eaton Affair

15 Jackson Administration Tariff of Abominations Tariff of 1828 South Carolina Exposition John C. Calhoun South Carolina Nullification Convention

16 Jackson Administration Henry Clay Tariff of 1832 Force Bill Henry Clay

17 Jackson Administration Indian Removal - Trail of Tears Five Civilized Tribes Black Hawk War - Seminole War

18 Indian Removal - Trail of Tears Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole Five Civilized Tribes

19 The Bank War Paper Currency Wildcat Banks

20 The Bank War Nicholas Biddle President of the Bank of the U.S. Daniel Webster U.S. Senator Whig Leader Bank Supporter

21 The Bank War Henry Clay U.S. Senator Whig Leader Bank Supporter 1832 – Bank Charter Renewal Jackson Veto

22 Election of st Election with 3rd Party Anti-Masonic Party 1 st Election with Nat’l Nominating Conventions All Three Parties 1 st Election with Party Platforms Anti-Masonic and Nat’l Republicans

23 Election of 1832 Henry Clay – National Republicans Andrew Jackson - Democrats ClayJackson

24 Election of 1832 Andrew Jackson Democrats Wins Support in the West, South, Middle States, and in New England Anti-Bank Stand

25 Election of 1832 Henry Clay National Republicans Heavy Support from the Bank of the U.S. and Newspaper Editors Bribed by Nicholas Biddle Pro-Bank Stand

26 Election of 1832 Andrew Jackson (Jacksonian Democrats)‏ Henry Clay (National Republicans)‏ Anti-Masonic Others Jackson

27 Jackson Destroys Bank of the U.S. Jackson Withdraws Federal Funds from Bank of the United States

28 Bank is Destroyed Jackson Withdraws Federal Funds from Bank of the United States Pet Banks Wildcat Banks Specie Circular Panic of 1837

29 Election of 1836 Whigs Adopt Favorite Son Strategy Martin Van Buren – Democrats William H. Harrison - Whigs

30 Election of 1836 Van Buren (Democratic) Harrison (Whig) White (Whig) Webster (Whig) Mangum (Independent)‏ Van Buren

31 Van Buren Administration Problems: Canadian Border Texas Annexation Anti-Slavery Controversy Panic of 1837

32 Panic of 1837 Causes: *Land Speculation *Specie Circular *Failed European Banks 100s of Wildcat Banks Fail Independent Treasury Bill of 1840 – Divorce Bill

33 Texas Revolution Stephen F. Austin Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

34 Texas Revolution Battle of the Alamo Battle of San Jacinto Sam Houston

35 Election of 1840 Martin Van Buren – Democrats William H. Harrison – Whigs “The Farmer from North Bend” “Tippecanoe and Tyler, Too!” HarrisonVan Buren

36 Election of 1840 Harrison William H. Harrison (Whig) ‏ Martin Van Buren (Democratic) ‏

37 Two Party System Democrats: States Rights supporters Strict Construction of Constitution People the Only Sovereign Power Exalted the Individual

38 Two Party System Whigs: Favored Powerful Nat’l Government – Social Harmony Support National Bank & High Protectionist Tariffs Internal Improvements, Public Schools Reforms – Prohibition, Abolition

39 Two Party System Both Democrats & Whigs: Depended upon Masses for Support – Common Man Drew Support from all Sections of Nation – North, South, West Promoted Idea of the Union or National Unity