1. The Age of Jackson

2. Jacksonian Democracy Early 1800s: voting rights extended
Nominating Conventions— parties select presidential candidates
Allowed more voter input

3. Jacksonian Democracy John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson
National Republicans
vs.
Andrew Jackson
Democratic Party
Election of 1828

5. Who was Andrew Jackson?
Andrew Jackson was the seventh President of the United States.
Born poor; orphaned as a child
Military commander in the Battle of New Orleans
Strongest support came from the West and South.
Was seen as the first presidential candidate to rise from the masses.

6. Jackson’s Victory Victory for the common man
Jackson first ran for Presidency in 1824.
Jackson won Presidency in 1828, running against John Q. Adams’ reelection.
By 1828, most states had dropped the land requirement to vote.
New voters mainly voted for Jackson, the “people’s champion.”

7. Spoils System
The Spoils System is when campaign supporters are awarded with government posts.
Jackson justified this position saying it brought new blood in.
Some scandals with this system on appointing of offices, party loyalties became stronger.
Jackson’s Cabinet was mostly composed of friends and supporters.

8. Conflict over Tariffs Regional conflicts over tariffs
North—wanted high tariffs to protect industries
South—imported most manufactured goods

9. Conflict over Tariffs
1828: Northern manufacturers pressure Congress to pass high tariffs
“Tariff of Abominations”
protected northern goods from foreign competition.
Abuse of federal power over the states
Southern states were harmed economically by tariff
Felt that national government abused the rights of southerners.

10. Nullification Crisis John C. Calhoun
States’ Rights—belief that state power should be greater than federal power
VP John C. Calhoun led the opposition
John C. Calhoun

11. Nullification Crisis
Nullification—states had the right to nullify federal laws with which they disagreed
“Tariff of Abomination,” 1828
South believed that this showed favoritism towards the North.
Jackson did not repeal it when he took office
South then began to take action, especially the state of South Carolina.
SC: declares law null and void

12. The South Carolina Exposition
Published in 1828, and written anonymously by John C. Calhoun
Calhoun resigns
Suggests that South Carolina should not obey tariff, and that all southern states should consider it illegal within in their states: null.

13. Jackson’s Reaction
Issued Nullification Proclamation: states did not have the power to nullify federal laws.
Force Bill – stipulated that force might be used to collect tariffs from offenders.
SC threatens to secede if troops are sent
Force Bill repealed by Compromise Tariff of 1833.

14. The Trail of Tears
The expansion of cotton and slavery forced the relocation of Indians
Indian Removal Act of 1830
More than 100,000 Indians
The Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Cherokee, and Seminole tribes.
Violates previous treaties with the Indians concerning land.
Cherokees resist, forced onto the Trail of Tears

16. Second Bank of the United States
Jackson against Bank of the United States
States opposed the bank
Maryland passes law taxing branches of the national bank
James McCulloch refuses to pay taxes
McCulloch v. Maryland

17. Second Bank of the United States
Bank charter due to expire in 1836
Nicholas Biddle pushes for renewal of charter in 1832
Jackson vetoes
Nicholas Biddle

18. Second Bank of the United States
Not enough votes to override veto
Transferred money to state banks
Inflation increased
Debt paid down

19. Van Buren’s Presidency
Jackson angered members of Congress
1834: Jackson opponents form the Whig Party
Whig Party—political party that supported the idea of a weak president and a strong legislature

20. Van Buren’s Presidency
1836: Whigs nominate four candidates to run against VP Martin Van Buren
Democrat Martin Van Buren wins

21. Van Buren’s Presidency
Panic of 1837 leads to economic depression
Result of Jackson’s bank policies
Van Buren blamed and defeated in election of 1840

22. Van Buren’s Presidency
William Henry Harrison and John Tyler win election of 1840
“Tippecanoe and Tyler too”
War record and log cabin roots
William Henry Harrison