(Enhanced) Traffic Collision Avoidance System TCAS II / E-TCAS (Enhanced) Traffic Collision Avoidance System

Technical Data TO 1C-130H-2-34JG-40-6 Open PDF TO-1C-130H-2-34FI-40-7 Open PDF

“Safety Pumpkin, safety” General Safety Precautions Read & Follow… Warnings Cautions & Notes Entering/Exiting Aircraft Walking on top of Aircraft Windy / Icy Conditions

Corrosion Identification & Control Check for any signs of corrosion Accomplished as part of your visual inspection Follow locally established procedures for corrosion control & prevention

Foreign Object Damage - FOD Always perform a thorough visual inspection, including FOD inspection before beginning maintenance on any part Ensure you track the hardware you remove Use FOD bags!!!

Intro to TCAS Primary purpose Assist the pilot & crew in avoiding mid-air collisions Supplements existing ATC system & the “see & avoid” concept Provides notice of unsafe separation between Mode 3/A, C & S xpnder equipped ACFT

Intro to TCAS cont. Aural/Visual Commands to avoid aircraft in defined airspace TCAS II Defined Airspace: 40 NM front 15 NM each side 12 NM rear ETCAS Range: 40 NM All around

TCAS II / ETCAS Differences ETCAS with the AN/APX-119 provides Formation/Rendezvous Surveillance mode Intruder/Detection range extended to 40 NM in all quadrants In conjunction with LPCR, Mode A can be used to uniquely identify and track other aircraft (formation mode) ETCAS – FORMATION MODE DISABLED PENDING FREQUENCY APPROVAL Honeywell designed and developed an Enhanced Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (ETCAS) to provide military aircraft operators with an extended surveillance range and the capability to coordinate formation flying in addition to standard TCAS operations. Honeywell ETCAS is the only system providing this capability currently certified by the FAA and international aviation authorities. The FAA, US Air Force and international authorities have granted ETCAS the frequency approvals necessary to ensure smooth integration into military operations and prevent frequency overlap with commercial aviation operations.

E-TCAS Components E-TCAS Processor Top / Bottom Directional Antennas IFF/Mode S Control Panel 2 Traffic Advisory/Vertical Speed Indicators (TA/VSI) Audio alerts/messages broadcast over interphone

E-TCAS Processor Master Control Unit Combined computerized control system Contains L-band R/T

Directional Antennas 4 Quadrants Processor can electronically point to surveillance area Failure of a quadrant results in TCAS FAIL on TA/VSI

AN/APX-119 To operate TCAS NORM puts TCAS in standby Master Switch to TA or TA/RA Mode C transponder must be ON NORM puts TCAS in standby

TA/VSI Located on main instrument panels Provide the Traffic Advisories (TA) and Resolution Advisories in the form of visual fly to indications

Theory of Operation Airborne Traffic Alert working without support from ATC ground stations Interrogates & Detects presence of nearby intruder ACFT equipped w/transponders that reply to ATCRBS Mode C or Mode S interrogations Tracks & evaluates threats, providing vertical maneuvering

Theory of Operation (cont.) Receives Mode S squitter transmissions Contains acft octal code, flt parameters & request for response Detects Mode C Once detected, enters Track Mode Tracks up to 30 intruders Non-Threat, Proximity, Traffic Advisory (TA), Resolution Advisory (RA)

Symbology Non Threat Proximity Intruder Traffic Advisory Monitor for Future Development Proximity Intruder Monitor for Future Development Traffic Advisory Potential RA - Monitor Resolution Advisory Take Corrective or Preventative Action

Symbology (continued) +10 +02 Relative altitude shown in hundreds of feet Trend arrow indicates intruder’s vertical rate if greater than 500 fpm -02 -10

Red & Green Vertical Maneuvering Indications

Theory of Operation (cont.) If an RA is issued & both aircraft have TCAS, an air-to-air link is established to prevent similar vertical maneuvering RA’s. If the intruder has Mode C altitude but not TCAS, the TCAS a/c will generate its own RA If intruder does not report altitude (NAR), the TCAS will not progress beyond TA

System Capabilities & Limitations GPWS/GCAS takes priority over TCAS advisories/alerts Cannot detect A/C without operating transponder NAR – display range & bearing only NAR aircraft are not displayed when own aircraft is above 14,500 ft MSL

System Capabilities & Limitations (cont.) RA CLIMB maneuvers inhibited over 20,000 MSL INCREASE CLIMB maneuver inhibited when flaps are beyond 40±5% INCREASE DESCENT inhibited below 1,450 feet AGL ALL RA inhibited below 900 ft AGL descending ALL RA inhibited below 1,100 ft AGL ascending

System Capabilities & Limitations (cont.) RA requires 5 second reaction and up to .25G maneuver Increase RA or reversal RA requires 3 second reaction and up to .35G maneuver TCAS estimates closure rates of intruders to estimate CPA (Closest Point of Approach)

Audio Messages / Alerts “CLIMB” “DESCEND” “REDUCE CLIMB” “REDUCE DESCENT” “CLIMB, CROSSING CLIMB” “DESCEND, CROSSING DESCEND” “INCREASE CLIMB” “INCREASE DESCENT” “DESCEND, DESCEND NOW” “CLIMB, CLIMB NOW” “CLEAR OF CONFLICT” “TCAS SYSTEM TEST OK” “TCAS SYSTEM TEST FAIL”