PUNCTUATION How to use each mark correctly. 9 COMMON PUNCTUATION MARKS Period.Comma,Quotation Mark “ ”“ ” Question Mark ?Semicolon;Hyphen- Exclamation.

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Presentation transcript:

PUNCTUATION How to use each mark correctly

9 COMMON PUNCTUATION MARKS Period.Comma,Quotation Mark “ ”“ ” Question Mark ?Semicolon;Hyphen- Exclamation Mark !Colon:Apostrophe‘ Today’s lesson will be on the comma again.

E ND M ARKS Period Question Mark Exclamation Mark

E ND M ARKS

P ERIOD Declarative Sentence: Uses a period to end a sentence that is a statement or fact. China is a country in Asia. Imperative Sentence: Uses a period to end a sentence that is a direction or command. Listen carefully to the tour guide. Abbreviations : Mr. Mrs. Dr. Sgt. Jr. Initials: R. F. Nordstrom

Q UESTION M ARK Interrogative Sentence: Uses a question mark when ending a sentence with a direct question. OR a can be used after a single word. You said that the airplane landed. Where?

E XCLAMATION MARK STRONG EMOTION! Urgent Command! Move away from the fire! Interjections!

C OMMAS,  Compound sentence  Items in a series  Between adjectives  Introductory phrases, words, and clauses  Parenthetical expressions  Special situations Tuesday Today

R EVIEW COMMAS FROM YESTERDAY

C OMMAS WITH COMPOUND SENTENCE When you have two independent clauses joined by a FAN BOYS, you must have a comma. FBFB AOAO NYNY S

What are FAN BOYS? For And Nor But Or Yet So FAN BOYS

EXAMPLES Marco Polo was fascinated with China, and he took home many souvenirs. This is a FAN BOYS.

A NOTHER EXAMPLE He told Italian friends about China, but they did not believe his stories.

L OOK FOR THE DIFFERENCES IN THESE TWO EXAMPLES. Polo visited cities and farming areas. Polo visited cities, and he visited farming areas. The left side sentence only has one subject and one verb. Polo The right side has the subject Polo and the subject he. This sentence also has two verbs~ visited

C OMMAS IN A SERIES The beverages included fruit juice, soda pop, and tea. If you have three items listed, you will need two commas.

S ERIES OF PHRASES ( PREPOSITIONAL ) The ceramic vases were placed on the table, on the mantel, and on the windowsill.

S ERIES OF CLAUSES We needed to know where we would catch the plane, when it would leave, and how much baggage we were allowed.

C OMMAS BETWEEN ADJECTIVES  If the word and can be placed between the adjectives without changing the meaning of the sentence, then the adj. are of equal rank.  Can you switch the order?  You have made a simple, polite request.  Flavorful, spicy, nutritious soups are common in Chinese culture. 2 methods Can you put and where the commas are located?

C OMMAS BETWEEN ADJECTIVES 2 ND METHOD  Do not use commas to separate adjectives that must stay in a specific order. I read a description of several ancient temples in my guidebook. Some colorful birds perched on the temple roof. Can you put and where the commas are located? Can you switch the order of the two adjectives?

**M AKE NOTE ** A comma should never be used to separate the last adjective in a series from the noun it modifies. Example: An efficient, helpful, interesting, guide led our party. Wrong! An efficient, helpful, interesting guide led our party. No comma needed here!

N EW INFORMATION : PAY ATTENTION

P ARENTHETICAL E XPRESSION

Names of people Watch, Frank, while I show you this invention. Certain adverbs You are, therefore, the person I would choose. Common Expressions One Chinese invention, on the other hand, helped sailors. AppositivesConfucius, a Chinese thinker, taught many. PhrasesPolo, leading an expedition, arrived in ClausesThe Mongols, who swept into China in the 1200’s, ruled boldly. Kinds of expressionsNonessential expressions

EXAMPLES  Mrs. Jones, can you help with this assignment?  Your answer is incorrect, I think.  However, the address is misplaced.  Names of people  Expression  Adverbs Parenthetical Expressions

S PECIAL S ITUATIONS Dates: July 12, 1957, is my mom’s birthday. Geographical Names: Topeka, Kansas Salutations and closings in a letter: Dear Sarah,With affection, Numbers more than 4 digits 4,875,744

W HEN USING QUOTATION MARKS Gordon mumbled, “This is a dull movie.” “I thought, ” Lydia said, “ that you liked martial arts movies.” “It’s the third time I’ve seen this one,” Gordon said.