WHAP 1st Semester Review 2012

Review Wiki Instructions Use the PB Works site Each student will be assigned 2-3 points Student who is assigned #1 on each page (A-I) will create a page on the wiki Each student on that page will add to that page Each student should WRITE IN THEIR OWN WORDS THEIR INFORMATION Each student should include at least ONE image or graphic for their points.

Unit I & II 8000BC-600 AD page A Major Comparisons and Snapshots: Describe the conditions and lifestyles of the two prehistoric time periods Identify and describe the major characteristics of the early religions and philosophical systems. Be sure to include the social impact of each. Compare the role of women in different belief systems – Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, and Hinduism. Describe how and why the collapse of empire was more severe in western Europe than it was in the eastern Mediterranean or in China. Compare the caste system to other systems of social inequality devised by early and Classical civilizations, including slavery. Compare social, cultural, and political systems in major civilizations e.g., Indian, Chinese, and Greek. Describe interregional trading systems, e.g., the Indian Ocean trade, Silk Roads (for this time period) Compare the political and social structures of two early civilizations, using any two of the following: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, Shang dynasty, and Mesoamerica and Andean South America.

Page B Need to Know vs. Not Need to Know: Nature of the Neolithic revolution, but not characteristics of previous stone ages, e.g., Paleolithic and Mesolithic. Economic and social results of the Agricultural Revolution, but not specific date of the introduction of agriculture to specific societies. Nature of patriarchal systems, but not changes in family structure within a single region. Importance of the introduction of bronze and iron, but not specific inventions or implements. Political heritage of classical China (emperor, bureaucracy), but not specific knowledge of dynastic transitions, e.g., from Qin to Han. Greek approaches to science and philosophy, including Aristotle, but not details about other specific philosophers. Diffusion of major religious systems, but not the specific regional forms of Buddhism or Aryan or Nestorion Christianity

Unit III 600-1450 AD page C 1. Even though the Byzantine empire fell in 1453 and was in decline for centuries before that, it left a strong legacy behind. What was the most important contribution that Byzantium made to world history? Why is that the most important? 2. The book states that Byzantium was the only classical empire to survive. Why did it survive when all the others did not? 3. Islam spread more rapidly than any other major world religion. Why do you think this was? What aspects of the religion made it appealing? How was the cultural climate conducive to the rapid expansion of Islam? 4. Compare and contrast the beliefs (including the treatment of women) of the major world religions: Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism (refer to class handout/graphic organizers on Western vs. Eastern religion). 5. The book refers to China and the Byzantine and Abbasid empires as "the political and economic anchor[s] of the postclassical world." What does this phrase mean? What did all three of those powers have in common? How did those factors contribute to their political and economic effectiveness? 6. The Chinese population underwent rapid growth from 600 to 1200. What developments during this period promoted that growth? What were the economic advantages of having such a large population? What are the potential disadvantages? 7. How did India manage to exert such a significant influence on other cultures in the Indian Ocean basin during this era without ever establishing any long-term centralized political institutions?

Page D . Was the caste system in India during the postclassical era fundamentally a rigid social system or a flexible one? . What was the role of Roman Christianity in early medieval Europe? How did it shape the society? What were its principal channels of influence? . What were the advantages and disadvantages of the highly decentralized political system that developed in Europe during this period? . Compare the effect the Vikings and Mongols had on the societies they came into contact with. What were the long-term ramifications of these interactions for Europe and the rest of Asia? . Why do you think the nomadic peoples of Asia were so successful and influential during this period? What was different from earlier centuries? What were the limits of their success … what led to their demise? . Where and how did Islam spread to sub-Saharan Africa? How was it different from north African and southwest Asian Islam? Why? . The Roman Catholic Church encountered many challenges during this period. What were they? How did the Church manage to meet each challenge and still thrive? . Try to imagine the impact of a catastrophe such as the bubonic plague on European society. How did people behave? What was the impact on social relations?

Comparisons & page E Compare Japanese and European feudalism Compare developments in political and social institutions in both Eastern and Western Europe Analyze the role and function of cities in major societies Analyze gender systems and changes, such as the impact of Islam Compare the Aztec Empire and the Inca Empire Compare European and sub-Saharan contacts with the Islamic world.

Need to know/don’t page f Arab caliphate, but not the transition from Umayyad to Abbasid Mamluks, but not Almohads Feudalism, but not specific monarchs Manorialism, but not the three-field system Crusading movement and its impact, but not specific Crusades Viking exploration, and impact, but not individual explorers 7. Mongol expansion and its impact, but not details of specific khanates 8. Papacy, but not particular popes 9. Indian ocean trading patterns, but not Gujarati merchants

Unit IV 145-1750 page G 1. What specific motives prompted European overseas voyages? Of all these motives, which do you think took precedence? 2. Overall, what was the demographic impact (demography concerns the health and size of populations) of European contact with the New World? 3. What factors led to the dramatic population growth of Europe between 1500 and 1700 4. What were some of the new trade goods entering the world markets in the sixteenth century? How would European demand for these products affect overseas trade and colonization? 5. What kinds of communities were established in the New World colonies of Portugal and Spain? How were they organized?How were they governed?

Page H . Compare the treatment of indigenous peoples by the Spanish in Mexico, the Portuguese in Brazil, and the French and British in North America. Feel free to use a chart and/or table to gather the info, but be sure to include a written, summative analysis. . What was the impact of the trans-Atlantic slave trade on the societies of West Africa? Consider the social, political, and demographic effects. . Compare the experience of slaves in the Caribbean, in Brazil, and in North America. Feel free to use a chart and/or table to gather the info, but be sure to include a written, summative analysis. . What factors ultimately led to the abolition of the slave trade and ultimately to the abolition of slavery itself? . Why did the shoguns decide to cut off relations with the outside world? How was this isolation accomplished? What did this decision mean for the future of Japan? . Why did the Qing dynasty discourage Chinese travel abroad and try to control contacts with foreigners? What was the impact of this policy? . What factors contributed to the increasing cultural conservatism in the Islamic states during the seventeenth century? What were the future implications of such resistance to science and technological change? . What factors led to the economic and military decline of the Islamic empires?

Page I Comparisons and Snapshots: • Compare colonial administrations • Compare coercive labor systems: slavery and other coercive labor systems in the Americas. • Analyze the development of empire (i.e. general empire building in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas) • Analyze imperial systems: European seaborne empire compared with a land-based Asian empire. • Compare Mesoamerican and Andean systems of economic exchange.

Page J Need to Know vs. Not Need to Know: • Extent of Ottoman expansion, but not individual states • Slave plantation systems, but not Jamaica’s specific slave system. • Relations between the Kongo and Portugal, but not individual rulers. • Tokugawa Japan’s foreign policy, but not Hideyoshi • Importance of European exploration, but not individual explorers. • Characteristics of European absolutism, but not specific rulers.