1. Chapters 15, 16 & 17 UNIT 4 REVIEW

2.  Shift of power from the East (China & India) to the West (Europe)  Decline of major civilizations  Aztecs & Incas  Byzantines  Arabs  New Empires  Spain, Portugal, England, France & the Netherlands  Ottomans  Russians  Mughals ISSUES OF PERIODIZATION CHANGES FROM UNIT 3 (600 C.E. – 1450 C.E.) TO UNIT 4 (1450 – 1750)

3.  Western Europe  Return to rational thought  The Enlightenment  The Scientific Revolution  Stable political structures  Absolute monarchies  Parliamentary monarchies  Religious reforms  The Protestant Reformation  The Counter Reformation  The Age of Exploration  Development of a global economy  Columbian exchange  Unequal relationships ISSUES OF PERIODIZATION CHANGES FROM UNIT 3 (600 C.E. – 1450 C.E.) TO UNIT 4 (1450 – 1750)

4.  Global Themes  Declining emphasis of nomads  Gender relations remain patriarchal  Environmental changes  Centralization of governments  Development of nation-states  Direct relationships between empires  Sub-Saharan Africa directly incorporated into global system ISSUES OF PERIODIZATION CHANGES FROM UNIT 3 (600 C.E. – 1450 C.E.) TO UNIT 4 (1450 – 1750)

5.  Global maritime expansion before 1450  Polynesians  Vikings  Indian Ocean  European expansion  Motives  Technologies  Portuguese voyages  Spanish voyages  Encounters with Europe  Western Africa  Indian Ocean States  The Americas CHAPTER 15: THE MARITIME REVOLUTION, TO 1550

6.  Cultural & Ideological Changes  The Renaissance  The Reformation  The Scientific Revolution  The Enlightenment  Social & Economic Changes  The Bourgeoisie  Joint-Stock Companies  Growing disparity between the rich and the poor  Political Changes  Holy Roman Empire (HRE)  Decentralized government  Religious diversity  Spain, France, England & Portugal  Centralized government  Religious unity CHAPTER 16: TRANSFORMATIONS IN EUROPE, 1500 – 1750

7.  The Columbian Exchange  Demographic Changes  Transfer of Plants and Animals  Spanish America and Brazil  State and Church  Colonial Economies  Society in Colonial Latin America  English and French Colonies in North America  The South  New England  French America CHAPTER 17: AMERICAN COLONIAL SOCIETIES

8.  Which of the following illustrates an influence of Daoism on the development of Chinese culture?  A. Mandate of Heaven  B. Oracle Bones  C. Papermaking  D. Architecture COMMONLY MISSED QUESTIONS

9.  The spread of Bantu-speaking peoples over southern Africa before 1400 C.E. can be best explained by their  A. conversion to Islam  B. use of cavalry  C. centralized political systems  D. knowledge of agriculture COMMONLY MISSED QUESTIONS

10.  The low status of merchants in Japan was likely due to  A. Confucian influences from China.  B. the fact that the island of Japan had few natural resources.  C. the emperor’s direct control of the trade routes in Japan.  D. None of the above. COMMONLY MISSED QUESTIONS

11.  Which European power first colonized parts of East Africa?  A. Portugal  B. Spain  C. England  D. France COMMONLY MISSED QUESTIONS

12.  During the Counter Reformation, the determination of proper Catholic doctrine and an investigation into the sale of indulges were topics at what gathering called together by Pope Paul III?  A. the Concordat of Worms  B. the Council of Trent  C. the Peace of Augsburg  D. the Treaty of Tordisillas COMMONLY MISSED QUESTIONS

13.  How did the role of tribute differ in the Tang Empire and the Aztec Empire?  A. Unlike the Aztec Empire, the Tang Empire depended on the tribute of captured peoples to supply its food and other important material resources.  B. The tribute system of the Tang Empire was more politically symbolic, while the tribute system of the Aztec supplied a substantial percentage of the empire’s material needs.  C. Unlike the Tang, the Aztec required subject peoples to give tribute by sending a representative of the political elites to live at the capital.  D. The Aztec Empire was the first to use the tribute system, which the Tang modified to include the sending of military resources and textiles as well as foodstuffs. COMMONLY MISSED QUESTIONS

14.  One of Byzantine Emperor Justinian’s biggest accomplishments was  A. codification of a thousand years of Roman legal tradition in the Corpus Juris Civilis  B. the creation of the Eastern Orthodox Church  C. the creation of a large bureaucratic system with which to run the Byzantine Empire  D. determining the location of Constantinople COMMONLY MISSED QUESTIONS

15.  What effects did European reconnaissance in the Pacific Ocean have on Oceania and Polynesia during the period 600 – 1450?  A. trade and communication networks in the region were not dramatically affected  B. large European diasporic communities were setup in Malaysia and New Zealand  C. communities throughout the region converted in mass to Christianity  D. Polynesians adopted the horse and stirrup for cross- island transportation COMMONLY MISSED QUESTIONS

16.  Discuss the similarities and differences in the political and social influence that TWO of the following religions had on their respective societies from 600 – 1450:  Christianity – Europe  Islam – West Africa  Buddhism - China COMPARE AND CONTRAST (1)

17.  Analyze the major similarities and differences between the spread of TWO of the following religions in the period 1000 BCE to 600 CE:  Judaism (Jewish Diaspora)  Christianity  Buddhism COMPARE AND CONTRAST (2)