(c) 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Two: Achieving Psychological Health

Psychological Health Broadly based concept Broadly based concept Cognitive functioning of the following: Cognitive functioning of the following: Expressing emotions Expressing emotions Coping with stress Coping with stress Dealing with adversity and/or success Dealing with adversity and/or success Adapting to changes Adapting to changes

Characteristics of Psychologically Healthy People Accept themselves and others Accept themselves and others Like themselves Like themselves Give and receive care, love, and support Give and receive care, love, and support Accepts life’s disappointments Accepts life’s disappointments Accept their mistakes Accept their mistakes Express full range of emotions (positive and negative) Express full range of emotions (positive and negative)

Characteristics of Psychologically Healthy People Feels empathy and concern for others Feels empathy and concern for others Take care of themselves Take care of themselves Can function both independently Can function both independently Generally trusts others Generally trusts others Involves exercise, sound nutritional habits, and sleep into lifestyle Involves exercise, sound nutritional habits, and sleep into lifestyle Establishes goals Establishes goals cont’d

What is Self-Esteem? 1. Having pride in yourself 2. Treating yourself with respect 3. Considering yourself valuable 4. Feeling good about yourself 5. Having self-assurance and accepting yourself Comprises of the following: People with low self esteem also have poor self concept: how they view themselves

Emotional Intelligence Ability to understand others and act wisely in human relations Ability to understand others and act wisely in human relations Know your emotions Know your emotions Manage your emotions Manage your emotions Motivate yourself Motivate yourself Recognize emotions in others Recognize emotions in others Handle relationships Handle relationships

Personality Specific patterns of behavior that identify and characterize an individual Specific patterns of behavior that identify and characterize an individual Two factors that can influence personality: Two factors that can influence personality: 1) nature (innate factors) 1) nature (innate factors) 2) nurture (environmental factors) 2) nurture (environmental factors)

Enhancing Psychological Health Sense of Humor: critical component of emotional health – results in a positive outlook upon life Sense of Humor: critical component of emotional health – results in a positive outlook upon life Communication Skills: increased verbal and non- verbal skills will produce better comfort levels with themselves (self-concept) and others (self-esteem) Communication Skills: increased verbal and non- verbal skills will produce better comfort levels with themselves (self-concept) and others (self-esteem) Conflict Management Skills: listen, learn “how” to say it, as well as use assertive communication Conflict Management Skills: listen, learn “how” to say it, as well as use assertive communication * Learn to be more optimistic and in control * Learn to be more optimistic and in control

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Other Characteristics that Influence Psychological Health Creativity Creativity Spiritual Health (sense of purpose) Spiritual Health (sense of purpose) Concept of “learned helplessness” (Pavlov) vs. “learned optimism” (Seligman) Concept of “learned helplessness” (Pavlov) vs. “learned optimism” (Seligman) Permanence Permanence Pervasiveness Pervasiveness Personalization Personalization

Proactive Approach to Life Proactive Approaches - promotes better control of one’s overall life Proactive Approaches - promotes better control of one’s overall life construct mental pictures construct mental pictures accept these perceptions accept these perceptions test these perceptions (new experiences) test these perceptions (new experiences) modify these experiences/outcomes (reframe) modify these experiences/outcomes (reframe)

Mood Disorders Clinical depression (feeling down for a lengthy period) Clinical depression (feeling down for a lengthy period) SAD (seasonal affective disorder) SAD (seasonal affective disorder) Bi-polar disorder (a.k.a., manic depression) Bi-polar disorder (a.k.a., manic depression) Postpartum Depression (baby blues) Postpartum Depression (baby blues)

Do’s and Don’t of Suicide Intervention Remain calm Remain calm Offer support and assistance Offer support and assistance Encourage problem solving Encourage problem solving Emphasize the temporary nature of the problem Emphasize the temporary nature of the problem Seek help Seek help Stay with the person Stay with the person

Do’s and Don’ts of Suicide Intervention, cont’d Talk about it Talk about it Don’t be judgmental Don’t be judgmental Assume they are serious Assume they are serious Don’t argue Don’t argue Tell someone about this Tell someone about this

Anxiety Disorders GAD (generalized anxiety disorder) GAD (generalized anxiety disorder) phobias phobias panic disorder panic disorder obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD’s) obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD’s) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment involves a combination of medication and counseling

Schizophrenia Personality deterioration (biological and environmental) – characteristics are: Personality deterioration (biological and environmental) – characteristics are: delusions delusions hallucinations hallucinations disorganized speech disorganized speech catatonic behavior catatonic behavior dysfunction in everyday routines dysfunction in everyday routines

Management of Psychological Disorders Therapists Therapists psychiatrists psychiatrists psychologists psychologists licensed counselors licensed counselors licensed social workers licensed social workers

Management of Psychological Disorders, cont’d Psychotherapy Psychotherapy Dynamic (modified form of psychoanalysis) Dynamic (modified form of psychoanalysis) Humanistic (natural potential that rights a wrong) Humanistic (natural potential that rights a wrong) Behavior (behaviorism tenets) Behavior (behaviorism tenets) Cognitive-behavioral (faulty thinking pattern discovery) Cognitive-behavioral (faulty thinking pattern discovery) Group Support (used as part of others listed to assist individual increased productivity) Group Support (used as part of others listed to assist individual increased productivity) Solution focused (looking for solutions vs. dwelling on problems) Solution focused (looking for solutions vs. dwelling on problems)

(c) 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Two: Achieving Psychological Health