Successor states to the Roman empire, 500 AD Successor states to the Roman empire, 500 AD Page: 444.

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Presentation transcript:

Successor states to the Roman empire, 500 AD Successor states to the Roman empire, 500 AD Page: 444

Byzantine empire and its neighbors C.E. Byzantine empire and its neighbors C.E. Page: 329Page: 329

The Byzantine EmpireAfter the Western Roman Empire fell in AD 476, the Eastern Roman Empire continued (AD 330-AD 1453). It was called the Byzantine Empire. Constantinople was its capital.

Byzantine emperors claimed that God gave them the right to rule (divine right). Justinian was their most famous ruler (reign: AD ). He built the Hagia Sophia and gave his empire written laws.

Hagia Sophia

Dome in the Hagia Sophia

Mosque of Suleyman the Magnificent (built in 1550s)

Western Europe and the “Dark Ages”goodreads.com In western Europe, the Early Middle Ages (AD ) is known as the “Dark Ages.” Why? *Literacy declined. *Roman law (judges, innocent until proven guilty) was replaced by trial by ordeal or combat.

srhabay.wikispaces.com srhabay.wikispaces.com *Towns declined and crime increased. Latin evolved into languages such as Italian, Spanish, and French.

The Franks, the Merovingian Empire, and Clovis An ethnic group, the Franks, became very powerful. Clovis (AD ) founded the Merovingian Empire and converted his people to Christianity.

Clovis

Charles Martel

Charlemagne and the Carolingian Empire A different family took control of the Franks in the early 8 th C. and began the Carolingian Empire. Charlemagne (Charles the Great) ruled from AD 768 to 814 and expanded the empire.

Charlemagne (Charles the Great)

Carolingian Empire, AD 814

Invasions from Muslim forces, the Vikings, and Magyars ended the empire.

Division of Carolingian empire (AD 843) Page: 450Page: 450

The Vikings (Northmen or Norsemen) From Scandinavia. From AD 800 to AD 1000 the Vikings raided lands from Ireland to Russia. They were fierce barbarians who worshipped war-like gods. Bersrkrs were “crazy” Viking warriors.

Excellent sailors; technologically advanced ships; skilled explorers.

Images are from google.com Bottom picture shows sculpture of Leif Ericson in Reykjavik, Iceland Explorations: *Eric the Red (Greenland in CE 982). *Leif Ericson (New Foundland in CE 1000).

Settlements in Iceland, Ireland, England, France, and Russia. Viking raids stopped. Why? *Opponents responded quicker. *Agricultural output increased. *Converted to Christianity

FeudalismMost people were farmers who received protection from wealthy landowners in return for military service or crops.

King Duke, Count Lord (local leaders) Vassal (knight) (retainer) Serfs

Life in the High Middle Ages

Legend of King Arthur

The regional states of Medieval Europe, C.E.

The High Middle Ages From AD 1000 to AD 1300 Agricultural improvements led to more food production. Population increased. Towns and trade grew. Literacy increased.

High Middle Ages ( ) Agriculture improves Towns and trade grow Population increases More food!

The Christian Church divided Christian Church splits (schism) into two branches in AD 1054: *Roman Catholic: Bishop of Rome (Pope) is their spiritual leader. Priests cannot marry.

Three branches of Christianity Christianity Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox Protestant Methodists, Baptists Lutherans, UCC, Presbyterians, Episcopalians, etc.

Pope Benedict XVI

Notre Dame

google.com Eastern Orthodox: Patriarch of Constantinople is their spiritual leader. Priests can marry.

Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew

The Crusades The Crusades (AD 1096 AD 1272) were military attempts by Christians to gain control of the Holy Land (Palestine) from Muslims.

Pope Urban II

Peter the Hermit

Children’s Crusade

Eleanor of Aquitaine

Richard the Lion-Hearted

Saladin

The medieval expansion of Europe, C.E.

Late Middle Ages AD 1300-AD 1500 Black Death ( ): Bubonic Plague killed one out of every three Europeans. Hundred Years’ War ( ): Series of conflicts between France and England.

The Crusades

MUSIC OF THE MIDDLE AGES