Sectionalism- Regional Differences Objective- start to understand the regional differences between the North, South, and West. The regional differences will have an impact on the country as we expand West, ultimately contributing to the Civil War.

The North: Technology and Industry Lead to Urbanization (A Growth of Cities) Industry: development of machines to do work (factories) Mass Production: making of items in large numbers

Northeast Region of the U.S. Development of factories (gave job opportunities) Increase in Immigration (supplied cheap labor). People came to America for many reasons. (Mostly Irish, English and German) Many children and women worked in the factories. Led to an increase in the size of the cities (urbanization).

Urbanization- Growth of Cities

Immigrants/Cheap Labor- English, Irish, German

Economy- North Industry (Manufacturing) - Work force primarily made of immigrants (German, Irish, English). - Wanted high tariffs placed on foreign goods to get people to buy American made products.

Northern View on Slavery Many wanted an end to slavery. Free all current slaves. Didn’t really want them in the North though. There was not a need for slaves in the North because there was an abundance of cheap labor in the form of immigrants.

Primary Concerns- North Supporter of high tariffs on foreign products would make goods manufactured (made) in the north more competitive. Free the slaves. Close the west so slavery could not spread.

Southern Way of Life- Agricultural Improvements in Farming Cotton Gin- The machine removed the seeds from the cotton. It increased an individuals output of cotton from 1 pound per day to 50 pounds. Invented by Eli Whitney. Demand for slavery increases.

Southern Economy Agriculture - “King Cotton” - Due to the invention of the cotton gin, cotton became a valuable crop. - Slaves provided cheap labor necessary for the growth in cotton production.

Effects of Slavery Slavery- The Peculiar Institution Forced labor. Not a great life. Working in the fields of the plantation, homes. Etc. No rights. Family members could be sold and separated at any time.

“Cotton is King” in the South Plantation Lifestyle

South- View on Slavery Many plantation owners considered slavery a “necessary evil.” A lot of money had been invested in slavery, there was no easy way to get rid of it.

South- Primary Concerns 1.Opposed the tariffs because buying cheaper, better made foreign products was impossible with high tariff. 2.The need to continue slavery. 3.Open the west (cotton growing, cheap land, gold, etc.)

Question How do you think these regional differences between the North and South will play a role as the United States begins to expand West? As new states began to develop to the West they had to decide whether they would allow it as a free or slave state.

West- the Frontier, Land, Native Americans, Opportunity

Cheap Land- Head West!

West- Economy Agriculture and Mining –People were moving west to own cheap land and start farms. –Land was practically given away to lure people to settle. –Gold will be a driving force to move west in the 1840’s and 1850’s/

West- Slavery Early settlers had little to no concern over slavery. They had other issues that were of greater importance (survival). Later as the states in the West developed, there will be disputes involving those who wanted free states versus those who wanted slave states.

Primary Concerns- West 1.Lots of cheap land. How to get it. 2.Building of transportation to open up the west. - Railroad - Steamboat - Cumberland Road - Canals 3.Opening and creating trails further west. 4.Native Americans and Mexico.

New Inventions- how did these help change things for the better? Spinning Jenny Water Frame

New Inventions Steamboats- How did these boats help change the price of goods? Cheaper to transport goods. Telegraph- Samuel Morse Increased communication.

New Inventions Railroad and Steam Engine- How is this going to help the United States? How will it impact the western movement?

Canals Canals connect water ways.