Mental Health Chapter

Learning Outcomes  Define mental health.  List possible contributing factors.  Identify general symptoms that can suggest a mental disorder.  Explain how the diagnosis of mental illness may be obtained.  Describe three basic forms of treatment that can be employed.  Comprehend the drugs highlighted in this chapter.

Overview of Mental Health and Mental Illness  World Health Organization (WHO) definitions  Health: a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity  Mental health: a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community

B4stage4  changing-way-we-think-about-mental-health changing-way-we-think-about-mental-health

 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. Text Revision (DSM-5):  The standard manual used for diagnosis of recognized mental illness in the United States.  Used by health professionals  Used for ICD codes

Overview of Mental Health and Mental Illness  Examples of conditions classified as mental disorders include:  Anxiety disorders  Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)  Autism spectrum disorder  Bipolar disorders (symptom – hypomanic, manic) – mood disorders  Depressive disorders- Mood disorders  Dementia

Overview of Mental Health and Mental Illness  Examples of conditions classified as mental disorders include:  Feeding and eating disorders  Obsessive-compulsive disorders  Schizophrenia  Trauma and stressor-related disorders  Adjustment disorder  Dissociative disorders (previously named multiple personality disorder)  Factitious disorders

Overview of Mental Health and Mental Illness  Can be classified as mental illnesses because they involve the brain:  Various sleep-related problems  Some forms of dementia, including Alzheimer disease

Anxiety Disorders Panic disorder Agoraphobia Specific phobia Social anxiety disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Separation anxiety disorder Anxiety order due to a medical condition (long list) Substance abuse/medication induced anxiety disorder Somatic symptom disorder List goes on

Neurodevelopmental Disorders  Autism and intellectual disability  Autism now is grouped into a spectrum of disorders  er%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf er%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  First described in 1902  One of the most common behavioral disorders in children  “Motorically driven”  From 6% up to 11% (according to a CDC survey-disputed)  Discussion  children/201203/why-french-kids-dont-have-adhd children/201203/why-french-kids-dont-have-adhd

Treatments for Mental Health Illnesses  Drug Therapy  Psychotherapy  Electroconvulsive Therapy

Treatments for Mental Illness  Drug Therapy  Mental disorders  Antianxiety agents  Antidepressant agents  Antimanic agents  Antipsychotic agents  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  Stimulants

Refresher- Different therapies impact the uptake of neurotransmitters and more…  

Drugs page 766  Antianxiety agents  Benzodiazepines: Xanax (alprazolam), Klonopin (clonazepam), traizolam, Tranxene (clorazepate), Librium (chlordizepoxide HCL), Valium (diazepam), and Ativan (lorazepam). Gaba –A receptors modulators es es  Note: Interaction with alcohol a CNS depressive

Drugs Continued  Antidepressant agents  Selective serotonin reuptake (SSRIs)  Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)  Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)  Lithium – antimatic drug internal nerve cell processes  Stimulants – primarily used for ADHD

Treatments for Mental Illness  Psychotherapy  Treatment uses psychological techniques instead of physical methods.  Involves talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, and role-playing.  Should be performed by a trained mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker, or counselor.

Treatments for Mental Illness  Types of psychotherapy include:  Cognitive-behavioral therapy  Family therapy  Group therapy  Play therapy  Art therapy  Hypnosis  Psychoanalysis  Trauma Informed Care

Treatments for Mental Illness  Types of psychotherapy include:  Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)  Helps people change thinking patterns that keep them from overcoming their fears.  Seeks to change people's reaction to anxiety-provoking situations.  Is an effective form of psychotherapy for several anxiety disorders, particularly panic disorder and social phobia.

Cognitive Behavior Therapy  Use of mediation - es/PMC / es/PMC /  /11/meditations-positive-residual- effects/ /11/meditations-positive-residual- effects/  Meditation can change brain functioning

Treatments for Mental Illness  Types of psychotherapy include:  Psychoanalysis  Attempts to reveal and resolve the unconscious conflicts that are considered to be at the root of some mental disorders  It is believed that these conflicts have been repressed since childhood and after being brought to the conscious level can be resolved.

Treatments for Mental Illness  Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)  Use of an electric shock to produce convulsions.  Useful for individuals whose depression is severe or life threatening, particularly for those who cannot take antidepressant medication.  In recent years, ECT has been much improved.  electroconvulsive-therapy-works-for- depression/ electroconvulsive-therapy-works-for- depression/

Treatments for Mental Illness  Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)  A muscle relaxant is given to the patient before the treatment, which is performed under brief anesthesia.  Electrodes are placed at precise locations on the head to deliver electrical impulses.  The stimulation causes a 30-second seizure within the brain.

Vocabulary Quiz  Number Affect 2. Anorexia Nervosa 3. Fugue 4. Hypomania 5. Psychosis 6. Psychosomatic 7. Psychotropic 8. Serotonin 9. Phobia 10. Post-traumatic stress

Review  How many words can you make out of psych/o  Explain how the diagnosis of mental illness may be obtained. What tool is used?  Describe three disorder types.  Name and describe three basic forms of treatment that can be used.