The American Revolution STAAR REVIEW Session 2

French and Indian War  Great Britain defeated the French  France lost all of their land in North America (treaty of Paris, 1763)  Britain now controlled all land east of the Mississippi river  War was expensive – British government passed on the cost to the colonies

Proclamation of 1763  Colonists were forbidden to move west of the Appalachian mountains  Created to prevent further attacks from native Americans  Many colonists had planned to move there & some had already purchased land

No taxation without representation  The colonies did not have representatives in the English parliament  Felt that the taxes being levied were unjust because they did not have representation  The colonists felt that only their own colonial assemblies/governments could tax them

Writs of Assistance  Smuggling was a huge problem for Britain  This law allowed custom officers to search for smuggled good with a warrant.

Sugar Act 1764  Created to stop smuggling  Actually lowered the sugar tax  No longer had to go to court to seize goods that were smuggled into the colonies

Stamp Act  British ordered that every newspaper, pamphlet, and other public or legal documents had to be printed or written on paper with an official stamp on it  They had to pay the British official to “stamp” their item

Protests Start  Sons of Liberty formed by Sam Adams in Boston  People boycotted  Tax collectors were tarred and feather or attacked  Effigies were made of the king and tax collectors  Stamp Act Congress – asked for a repeal of the law and state that only colonial assemblies had the right to tax the colonists  Stamp Act repealed but replaced by the Townshend Acts which imposed a special tax on things used in the colonies like glass and lead.

Boston Massacre  March 5, 1770  Fight broke out between the towns people and soldiers.  Crispus Attucks plus other colonists were killed  Soldiers defended by John Adams  Used as propaganda through Paul Revere engraving  Committees of Correspondence started in 1772 to continue to spread Anti-British sentiment.

Tea Act and the Boston Tea Party  All taxes canceled except one on Tea – gave one company an advantage over the others  December groups of colonists dressed like Native Americans went aboard a ship carrying tea and dumped the cargo overboard  To punish the citizens of Boston, the Coercive Acts (The Intolerable Acts) were passed  Trade was severely limited in Boston  Freedom was restricted  Held in place until tea paid for  Declaratory Act passed that said the King had the right to make all laws for the colonies

Road to Independence  First Continental Congress – 1774 decided to keep protesting  Olive Branch Petition  Lexington and Concord – “Shot heard round the World” – minutemen fought against British  Thomas Paine’s Common Sense  Second Continental Congress – met in Philadelphia to decide what to do  Made George Washington commander of the Continental Army  July 4, 1776 – Declaration of Independence (Thomas Jefferson) stated colonial grievances against the King and used to the ideas of John Locke about unalienable writes

Important events of the American Revolution  Lexington and Concord  Battle of Trenton  Winter at Valley Forge  Battle of Saratoga  John Paul Jones battles at sea  Yorktown – 1781  Treaty of Paris, 1783

Why did the Americans win?  Fighting for homeland  Methods of Warfare – guerilla warfare  Local Support  Leadership from Washington  French Alliance

Important People  George Washington - commander of the Continental Army  Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and John Adams – delegates at Constitutional Convention  King George III – king of England during the war  Patrick Henry – Give me Liberty or give me Death  Thomas Paine – wrote Common Sense and the Crisis  Lafayette- French nobleman who became Washington’s trusted aide  Abigail Adams – asked her husband to remember the ladies in this new government

Independence – now what?  2 nd Continental Congress created a government called the Article of Confederation  After the war, the plan was to start using this government  It did not last long….

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