Thermal energy, temperature & heat Different objects at the same temperature can have different energies. You may be used to thinking about thermal energy.

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Presentation transcript:

Thermal energy, temperature & heat Different objects at the same temperature can have different energies. You may be used to thinking about thermal energy as heat, but they are not the same thing. Temperature, thermal energy, and heat are closely related, but they are all different.

THERMAL ENERGY The total energy of all of the particles in an object is called thermal energy. The thermal energy of an object depends on the number of particles in the object, the temperature of the object and the arrangement of the particles.

HEAT Thermal energy that is transferred from matter at a higher temperature to matter at a lower temperature is called heat. Or… Heat is thermal energy moving from a warmer object to a cooler object.

SPECIFIC HEAT The specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius. Example: Notice when you walk on the waters edge in the sand, why is it that the sand is much hotter than the water? -Temperature does not rise at the same rate for all objects. -Specific heat is measured in joules per kilogram-kelvin (j/kg*k).

3 FORMS OF HEAT TRANSFER CONDUCTION - the transfer of energy through matter from particle to particle. For example, a spoon in a cup of hot soup becomes warmer because the heat from the soup is conducted along the spoon. Conduction is most effective in solids-but it can happen in fluids.

CONVECTION - the transfer of heat by the actual movement of the warmed matter. as the Heat leaves the pot on a stove currents of steam and air rise. Convection is the transfer of heat energy in a gas or liquid by movement of currents.

RADIATION - Electromagnetic waves that directly transport ENERGY through space. Sunlight is a form of radiation that is radiated through space to our planet without the aid of fluids or solids.

HEAT TRANSFER

CONDUCTORS & INSULATORS A conductor transfers thermal energy well. An insulator does not transfer thermal energy well. Conductors- metals such as silver and stainless steel, or tile floor Insulators- wood,wool,straw and paper are good insulators. Blankets and clothes are good insulators because they slow the transfer of heat out of your body.