Background  Ground Zero for Judaism, Islam, and Christianity.  Judaism: Israel = Biblical “Promised Land”  Occupied by Moses and Hebrews around 1000 B.C.  Invaded and occupied by Philistines  Greeks and Romans call it “Land of Philistines”, which becomes Palestine.  Region of Jesus Christ’s birth, ministry, and death.  “Ownership” changes hands frequently.  Muslims capture in 640  built Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem in 691  Spot where Mohammed stopped on his way to heaven.  Holiest site in Islam outside Saudi Arabia.  Ottoman Turks control from 1500’s-1900’s.  Ground Zero for Judaism, Islam, and Christianity.  Judaism: Israel = Biblical “Promised Land”  Occupied by Moses and Hebrews around 1000 B.C.  Invaded and occupied by Philistines  Greeks and Romans call it “Land of Philistines”, which becomes Palestine.  Region of Jesus Christ’s birth, ministry, and death.  “Ownership” changes hands frequently.  Muslims capture in 640  built Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem in 691  Spot where Mohammed stopped on his way to heaven.  Holiest site in Islam outside Saudi Arabia.  Ottoman Turks control from 1500’s-1900’s.

Israel Becomes a State League of Nations asked Britain to oversee (mandate) Palestine after WWI Balfour Declaration: Idea of creating a Jewish homeland in Palestine while protecting the “rights of non-Jewish communities”. Hostility between Palestinians continued to grow League of Nations asked Britain to oversee (mandate) Palestine after WWI Balfour Declaration: Idea of creating a Jewish homeland in Palestine while protecting the “rights of non-Jewish communities”. Hostility between Palestinians continued to grow

Israel Becomes a State  1947: UN General Assembly partitions (divides) Palestine  Jerusalem would be an independent city owned by neither territory  RESULT: CREATION OF AN INDEPENDENT ISRAEL  1947: UN General Assembly partitions (divides) Palestine  Jerusalem would be an independent city owned by neither territory  RESULT: CREATION OF AN INDEPENDENT ISRAEL

Israel Becomes a State  Israel is created  Six Islamic states – Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, & Syria – invade Israel  Ended in victory for Israel  Israel is created  Six Islamic states – Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, & Syria – invade Israel  Ended in victory for Israel

Israel/Arab State Conflicts  Suez Crisis: Egypt seized control of canal from Britain  GB made agreement w/ France & Israel to retake Suez Canal  Israeli quickly defeats Egyptians  U.S. & USSR force Israel & the Europeans to withdraw – Egypt left in charge of Suez Canal  Suez Crisis: Egypt seized control of canal from Britain  GB made agreement w/ France & Israel to retake Suez Canal  Israeli quickly defeats Egyptians  U.S. & USSR force Israel & the Europeans to withdraw – Egypt left in charge of Suez Canal

Six-Day War  Egyptian president Nasser, armed w/ Soviet weaponry, ready to confront Israel  Under threat of attack, Israel bombs airfields in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, & Syria.  Israel defeats Arab states in six days  Result: Israel gained control of –  Jerusalem, the Sinai Peninsula, the Golan Heights, & the West Bank  Egyptian president Nasser, armed w/ Soviet weaponry, ready to confront Israel  Under threat of attack, Israel bombs airfields in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, & Syria.  Israel defeats Arab states in six days  Result: Israel gained control of –  Jerusalem, the Sinai Peninsula, the Golan Heights, & the West Bank

Yom Kippur War  Egyptian President Anwar Sadat planned a joint Arab surprise attack on the holiest of Jewish holidays  Arab forces inflict heavy losses – regain territory lost in Six-Day War  Israel – under Prime Minister Golda Meir – launch counterattack  Regain territory & agree to truce  Egyptian President Anwar Sadat planned a joint Arab surprise attack on the holiest of Jewish holidays  Arab forces inflict heavy losses – regain territory lost in Six-Day War  Israel – under Prime Minister Golda Meir – launch counterattack  Regain territory & agree to truce

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)  PLO pushed for the formation of a Palestinian state  Yasir Arafat becomes chairman of PLO  PLO carried out numerous attacks against Israel  PLO pushed for the formation of a Palestinian state  Yasir Arafat becomes chairman of PLO  PLO carried out numerous attacks against Israel

Camp David Accords  U.S. President Carter invites Sadat (Egypt) & Begin (Israel) to Camp David to negotiate  Camp David Accords: ends 30 years of hostility between Israel & Egypt  Outraged over agreement, Muslim extremists assassinate Egyptian president Anwar Sadat  Hosni Mubarak becomes president of Egypt  U.S. President Carter invites Sadat (Egypt) & Begin (Israel) to Camp David to negotiate  Camp David Accords: ends 30 years of hostility between Israel & Egypt  Outraged over agreement, Muslim extremists assassinate Egyptian president Anwar Sadat  Hosni Mubarak becomes president of Egypt

Intifada  1982 – Israel army invades Lebanon  Palestinians begin campaign of civil disobedience known as the intifada  Organized boycotts, demonstrations, attacks on Israeli soldiers, & rock- throwing by unarmed teenagers  1982 – Israel army invades Lebanon  Palestinians begin campaign of civil disobedience known as the intifada  Organized boycotts, demonstrations, attacks on Israeli soldiers, & rock- throwing by unarmed teenagers

Oslo Peace Accords  Declaration of Principles signed  Granted Palestine self-rule in the Gaza Strip & West Bank  Agreement signed by Arafat (Palestine) & Rabin (Israel)  Rabin assassinated by Jewish extremist – opposed to concessions made to the Palestinians  Declaration of Principles signed  Granted Palestine self-rule in the Gaza Strip & West Bank  Agreement signed by Arafat (Palestine) & Rabin (Israel)  Rabin assassinated by Jewish extremist – opposed to concessions made to the Palestinians