1. ARAB ISRAELI CONFLICT PART II

2. SECOND ARAB ISRAELI WAR
In the 1950’s, Britain controlled the Suez Canal – but, in 1956, Nassar (the leader of Egypt at the time), nationalizes (takes control over) the Suez Canal.
Nassar (socialist dictator of Egypt)
Israel, Britain, and France attacked Egypt (Israel fears shipping lanes will be cut & Britain/France fear loosing control of the vital sea route)
Under American-Soviet pressure, the three nations withdraw in 1957

3. THE SIX DAY WAR
In 1967, Israel learns of Syrian and Egyptian invasion plans, so Israel decides to attack first.
This war lasted only six days – June 5 – 10
Known to the Arabs as the June War
Israel made territorial gains

5. TERRITORIAL GAINS Gaza Strip (from Egypt) Sinai Peninsula (from Egypt)
West Bank (from Jordan)
Golan Heights (from Syria)
Israeli forces take East Jerusalem (100% of the city now under Israeli control)

6. WHAT DID THE ISRAELI GOVERNMENT DO WITH THESE “OCCUPIED TERRITORIES”
Built settlements for Jews in the West Bank, Gaza, and Sinai Peninsula
(this violates international
law)
West Bank settlements:
Israel military control in all areas

7. MORE CONFLICT IN 1973 Yom Kippur War Syria and Egypt attack Israel
They want their land back from the Six Day War
U.S. support for Israel &
Soviet support of
the Arab states leads to heightened
concern of a nuclear war
Cease fire – supported by the U.S.
Soviet Union

9. PLO Palestine Liberation Organization – formed in 1964
Purpose? Re-acquire land and set up a Palestinian state. Also serves as a voice for the Palestinian people.
Yasir Arafat becomes the Chairman in 1968
Methods of the 1960s-80s? – launched guerilla attacks on Israel, bombings, airplane hijackings, and taking hostages
Israeli reaction?– reprisals (military strikes against PLO bases in Jordan)

10. The PLO & Arafat 1960s – 1980s

11. PLO --- continued
Jordan’s reaction – PLO bases were in Jordan so in order to stop the reprisals, Jordan’s King Hussein ousted the PLO from his country
New PLO base – In 1970 the PLO sets up bases in Lebanon and launches new raids on Israel
To “secure” their northern border, Israel invades Lebanon in 1982 and will occupy southern Lebanon until 2000.
The PLO is expelled & sets up headquarters in North Africa

12. Israeli occupation of Lebanon

13. INTIFADA
In 1987, new Palestinian uprising emerged called the intifada (the shaking)
What happened? Palestinians (mostly young) in the West Bank and Gaza Strip attacked Israeli soldiers and citizens (with rocks) and organized strikes against Israeli businesses
Israeli government reaction – arrested and imprisoned many Palestinians – deported or forced into exile the Palestinians who were suspected of leading the riots. Israeli soldiers use rubber bullets & tear gas on Palestinian youth. Some Palestinian neighborhoods are bombed.

14. Intifada:

15. Settlements & Intifada (late 1980s)

16. PEACE EFFORTS 1st Breakthrough: 1979 Camp David Accords
Israel (led by Prime Minister Begin) signs a peace treaty with Egypt (led by Anwar Sadat). The treaty is brokered by U.S. President Carter (the U.S. promises millions of dollars in aid to impoverished Egypt)
Egypt recognizes Israel in return for the Sinai Peninsula
Israel agrees to pull out its settlers from Sinai
Sadat is assassinated two years later by Egyptian Islamic extremists
Egypt is the 1st Arab
state to recognize
Israel

17. Camp David Accord – 1978/1979

18. TENSIONS REMAIN IN THE 1980s
PLO and Hamas terrorism continues. Hamas is an extremist Muslim Palestinian organization wanting to destroy Israel & create an Islamic state). There is little hope for peace
Other nations condemned Egypt’s action in making peace with Israel
The PLO considers negotiating with Israel in what is known as “land for peace.” Israel returns land to the Palestinians in return for peace.

19. PLO considers negotiation, but Hamas is on the rise

20. Gulf War
Iraq fired missiles at Israel (but did not fire back due to U.S. insistence). The U.S. protected Israel. If Israel fired back, it would have fractured the U.S.-led coalition against Iraq (which was made up of some Arab nations)

21. OSLO ACCORDS
breakthrough: Israel (led by Yitzhak Rabin) and PLO chairman Yasir Arafat sign a historic peace accord. The PLO agrees to recognize Israel’s right to exist; in exchange, Israel grants Palestinian self-rule in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank town of Jericho

22. Oslo Accord - continued
Areas in black – full Palestinian control
Orange – joint Israeli-Palestinian control
White – Under full Israeli control
Local govt. was now under the control of the Palestinian Authority

23. Gulf War and Oslo Accords

24. JORDAN RECOGNIZES ISRAEL
In 1994, the King Hussein of Jordan decides to sign a treaty with Israel.
Trade and diplomatic ties begin.
Jordan is the 2nd Arab state to recognize Israel

25. The Price of Peace

26. The next country to recognize Israel?
Most likely Syria, but Israeli control of the Golan Heights (part of Syria before the Six Day War) is a tension issue.
Why doesn’t Israel give up the Golan Heights for peace with Syria?
The Golan Heights is on high ground overlooking northern Israel and Syria. Israel has installed military bases there and doesn’t want to give up high ground to an enemy.