1. The
Arab-Israeli
Wars

2. I. Israel becomes a state
When WWII ends the population of Palestine is ~70% Arab
Want to become an independent state
The Holocaust creates a global outpouring of sympathy for Jews
Desire to help create a homeland
Arabs are fine with that, but don’t want to be displaced for it

3. GB can’t negotiate a deal between the groups
Turns it over to the UN
The UN divides Palestine into 4 parts in 1947
2 Arab areas, 1 Jewish area, and Jerusalem would be under UN control
Israel declares itself an independent state in 1948

5. II. War of Independence Arabs felt that they’d been cheated
Israel had been given the land with best resources/water
Given control of important cities
Arab nations declared war on Israel
Fighting lasted several months
Israel won and greatly expanded its territory

7. III. Palestine doesn’t become a state (Al-Nakba/The Catastrophe)
The UN plan included the creation of an independent Palestine
After the war Egypt took control of the Gaza Strip and Jordan took control of the West Bank
Thousands of Palestinians fled the areas of fighting
Ended up in refugee camps near borders

8. Israel: 1947 & Israel: 1949

9. Palestinian Refugees
Palestinian Diaspora

10. IV. Suez Crisis
Egypt had a corrupt king who allowed foreign investors a lot of power
Was overthrown in a military coup in 1952
Gamal Abdel Nasser emerges as a new leader
In 1956 he nationalized the Suez Canal
The British and French were angry; arranged an attack with Israel

11. Gamal Abdul Nasser President of Egypt
Suez Crisis (1956)
Gamal Abdul Nasser President of Egypt

12. After just 10 days of fighting the Israeli army defeated the Egyptians
France and Britain reclaimed control of the canal
The UN condemned this action as bullyish
France, Britain and Israel were pressured to step down

13. V. The Six Day War The Cold War established alliances
The US with Israel; USSR with Arab states
In 1967 Egypt was preparing to confront Israel with Soviet support
Surprised when Israel attacks first
Attacked Egypt, Iraq, Jordan and Syria with lightening speed and success
Israel took control of several areas to protect itself from future attack
Included West Bank and Jerusalem

14. Six-Day War (1967)

15. VI. Palestinian Resistance
To secure control over these new territories, Israel began building settlements
Palestinians resented this physical presence
The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) began a guerrilla/terrorist campaign against Israel

16. Palestine Liberation Organization
Yasir Arafat

17. VII. Yom Kippur War
Nasser died in 1973 and was succeeded by Anwar Sadat
Led a joint attack with Syria on Israel on Yom Kippur
Plan was to take as much land as possible to force them to negotiate
Caught Israel by surprise and regained some lost territory
Israelis launched a more successful counter attack and took a little back
Yom Kippur – A day of Atonement, Jews fast, do not work, etc

18. Yom-Kippur War (Oct., 1973)

19. VIII. Attempts at Peace 1979 Camp David Peace Summit
US invited representatives from Egypt and Israel to discuss peace
Hammered out the problems that had plagued the two countries for 30 years
Took 13 days of tough negotiations
Israel will return the Sinai Peninsula in exchange Egypt will formally recognize the state of Israel
Many Arabs resented Sadat’s move toward Israel
He was assassinated 2 years later

20. Camp David Accords (1979)
President President Prime Minister Anwar Sadat Jimmy Carter Menachem Begin of Egypt of the U. S of Israel

21. Camp David Accords (1979)

22. IX. Intifada “Shaking off” or “Uprising”
Mass Palestinian uprising against Israeli rule in the Palestinian territories
Largely West Bank and Gaza Strip
Israeli response was to send in the military

23. Palestinian Intifada-Part I (1987-1993)

24. By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY