The French and Indian War

 Both Great Britain and France claimed the land to the west of the colonies.

Identify: Mississippi River Ohio River Allegheny River Monongahela River St. Lawrence River Lake Champlain New Orleans Quebec Fort Duquesne Nova Scotia Hudson River

Settlers from Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania were beginning to settle on the lands near the Ohio River and the colonies were expanding west into what was commonly called, “the Ohio Country”

 The French had been using the Mississippi and Ohio rivers to conduct trade with Native Americans for furs and wanted to keep control of it.

 They lived there and wanted to keep their land. Which side do you think the Native Americans will take in the war?

1. 1. The French The Indians or Native Americans(Huron and Algonquin)

 1. British  2. Americans Colonists  3. Indians/Native Americans (Iroquois)

In 1753, Colonial Americans began to construct a fort at the Forks of the Ohio (at the confluence of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers). Those rivers join to form the… Ohio river (present day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania).

As they began, French forces showed up and took control of the area and finish building the fort. They named it… Fort Duquesne.

In 1754, Colonel George Washington led a Colonial American army to the Forks of the Ohio to take control of Fort Duquesne. After ambushing a small group of French soldiers, they were defeated in the battle of Great Meadows. Washington was forced to surrender.

 In June, 1754, representatives from 7 of the American Colonies meet with the members of the Iroquois Confederation (six nations of Native Americans including the Mohawk). The American colonies in attendance were Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island. North Carolina was not invited

Benjamin Franklin suggested that the American Colonies should form a Grand Council, so that they American Colonies could work together, this idea was called the “Albany Plan of Union.” One of the first political cartoons in American History

 In 1755, The British devised a plan for a 3 pronged attack. to take over and control Fort ____________ and Ohio river area 1. To take over and control the Ohio Country, including Fort Duquesne

 2. To take over Northern New York, including Lake Champlain and Lake George

 3. To take over the Atlantic coast of Canada

 In 1755, The British took control of Acadia, on the Canadian coast and renamed it Nova Scotia. New Orleans. What are the descendents of these people now called? Cajuns The residents of Acadia were forced to move into the American colonies. Most Acadians made their way to…

The British are defeated in their effort to take over Fort Duquesne. The British and American Colonists lost the Battle of the Monongahela, the French and Indians used the trees as cover while the British and Americans used linear tactics.

In 1755, the British could only advance as far as Lake George in New York and built a fort at the southern end of Lake George named Fort William Henry.

Lake Champlain Lake George

 How many of the prongs have the British been successful at so far?

1757, The French took over Fort William Henry at the southern end of Lake George. Even though they surrendered, the British and Americans were massacred as they are leaving by the Indians allied with French.

In 1758, The French lost control of 2 key areas, Fort Louisbourg at the mouth of the St. Lawrence river and Fort Frontenac at the north end of Lake Ontario

In 1758, late in the year, the British won control of Fort Duquesne in a surprise attack. 300 North Carolina soldiers took part in the attack.

 In 1759, the British took control of the fortress city of Quebec. Famous picture of the Death of British General James Wolfe at the Battle of Quebec.

In 1760, the British took control of Montreal. The Battle of Montreal is the last of the fighting between Great Britain France in North America, though they will continue to fight in other areas of the world until 1763.

 In 1763 the Treaty of Paris was signed. Although the war in America had been over for almost 3 years, the war in Europe and elsewhere continued until 1763.

 As a result of the Treaty of Paris, France lost all claims to territories in North America. All land east of the Mississippi would be ceded to Great Britain.

In 1763 the Proclamation of 1763 was made. The Proclamation stated that the British would allow no colonial expansion west of the Appalachian Mountains. Why would they do this? Who was going to be mad? Who is going to be happy?

In 1756, North Carolina built Fort Dobbs (near present day Statesville) Major Hugh Waddell was in charge of the Building of Fort Dobbs in Fort Dobbs Website

Major Hugh Waddell, Sergeant John Rogers and 300 North Carolina soldiers participated in the capture of Fort Duquesne in November Major Waddell and Sergeant Rogers were given much credit for capturing the fort.

The Cherokee, who were part of the Iroquois nation were allied with North Carolinians until After some Cherokee were killed in Virginia by Colonials, the Cherokee began to attack settlements in North Carolina, including Bethabara. North Carolina in the French and Indian War

 Famous North Carolinian who took part in the unsuccessful Battle of the Monongahela (under General Edward Braddock), served at Fort Dobbs, and was an early trailblazer across the Appalachian mountains into Kentucky. Probably most famous for finding and using the Cumberland Gap to travel west of the Appalachian Mountains.

In response to the Cherokee attacks, North Carolina sent troops into the mountains to fight the Cherokee. In 1760, the Cherokee defeated a force of 1,600 Highland Scots near the present day city of Franklin in Macon county.

In 1761, 2,000 Colonial militia defeated the Cherokee, again near Franklin in Macon county.

In 1763, The Congress of Augusta was held, it was a treaty between the Southern colonies and Native Americans, agreements included; 1.Traders could visit Indian towns without fear of being harmed 2. Both groups agreed to punish for stealing, murder and breaking the peace 3. Creek Indians gave up 2.5 million acres in Georgia, and it was agreed that colonists would move no further west.