1.Panchayat Raj System 2.Structure and Functions of Zilla Parishads 3.Role of Zilla Parishads in Rural Development

The Zilla Parishads being corporate body, - has perpetual succession, -has a common seal with power to hold, and dispose of property, and - enter in to contract in its corporate name.

The activities of the Zilla Parishads and the Panchayat Samitis are governed by the Maharashtra Zilla Parishads and Panchayats Samitis Act,1961. This act, 1- to provide for establishment of rural areas of Z.P. and Panchayat Samitis, 2- to assign to them local government functions, 3- to entrust the execution of certain work and developmental scheme of the state Five Year Plan to such bodies, and

The activities of the Zilla Parishads and the Panchayat Samitis are governed by the Maharashtra Zilla Parishads and Panchayat Samitis Act,1961. This act, 4 -to provide for the decentralization of powers and functions under certain enactments to these local bodies, 5- for the purpose of promoting the development of democratic institutions, and 5- Securing a greater measure of participation of people in the said Plans and in the local and Governmental affairs The Act, came into force from 1 st May 1962.

Reservation to SCs and STs as defined in sec.2(29) and 2(30) resp. of the Z.P. Act. on the Z.P./P.S. and its committees. 1-Reservation to the Backward Classes and Women in the services of Z.P., 2-Allocation of resources for the Welfare of Backward Classes, 3-Relaxations and concessions to Backward Classes

Downs- - No regular elections - Powers were withdrawn from time to time - DPDC were formed - No constitutional status to Local bodies

1-Constitution of Gram Sabha in every Village panchayat 2-Direct elections to all seats at all level 3-Reservation of seats for SC/ST/OBC in proportion to their population for members of PRIs and office of the Chairperson in Panchayats at all level 4-Reservation of seats not less then 1/3 of seats for Women

5-fixing tenure of 5 years for Panchayats and holding elections with a period of 6 month in the event of supersession of any Panchayats 6-Constitution of State Election Commission at State level 7-Constitution of State Finance Commission at State level 8-Transfer of 29 subjects to PRIs enlisted under 11 th Schedule 9-The States having population less then 20 lac. will have no intermediate Panchayats

Effects of 73 rd Amendment on PRIs- -Imparted certainty -continuity -strength to PRIs

Authorities of ZP- 1-Zilla Parishads. 2-Panchayat Samitis. 3-Standing committee 4-Subject Committee

Authorities of ZP- 5-Presiding Authorities 6-Chief Executive Officer/Additional CEO 7-Executive Officer, and 8-Block Development Officer

Presiding Authorities of Zilla Parishads are- 1-The President 2-The Vice-president 3-The Chairmen's of subject Committee 4-The Chairman of PS 5-The Vice-Chairman of PS

Constitution of Zilla Parishad-(sec.9) 1- Councilors directly elected to Z.P. 2- Chairman of all Panchayat Samitis in the District as a ex-officio Councilors 3- In the District not more than 75 and not less than 50 Councilors. 4-Term of office of councilors is five year(sec 10(2)

President and Vice-President of the Zilla Parishad- 1- A President who is elected by the Parishad from amongst its elected councilors, 2-also Z.P. to elect one of its councilor as a Vice-President of the Parishad 3- The President and Vice-President to hold office for the term of two and half Year.

Constitutions of Committees of Z.P.(79&80) 1- In order to ensure an adequate defacto disposal of democratic authorities of ZP, MZP &PS Act,1961 provides for committee form of governance even though the ZP has an elected President and Vice-President. 2-It works through a set of following committees-

GENERAL BODY Water management & Sanitation committee Education Committee Animal Husbandry Committee Health Committee President Chairman Standing Committee Finance Committee Agriculture Committee Works Committee Social Welfare Committee Women & Child Welfare Committee Subject Committees

Various committees under Zilla Parishad— Sec.78,79A and Standing Committee 2-Finance committees 3-Works Committee 4- Agriculture committee 5-Social Welfare committee

Various committees under Zilla Parishad- 6-Education committee 7-Health Committee 8- Animal Husbandry and Dairy committee 9- women &Child dev. Committee 10-Water Conservation and Sanitation Committee

Administrative Control Deptt. Secretaries Divisional Commissioner Chief Executive OfficerCollector H.O.D. B.D.O. Block level Officers Administrative Staff

Administrative Setup Chief Executive Officer Addl.C.E.O Works Depts. ( South / North ) Agri. Depts. S.W.Depts. A. H. Depts. M.I.D GSDA R.W.S Health I.C.D.S Finance Education(Sec.) G.A.DV.P.T TSC Education(Pri.)

Department/Headed by item:- 1)General Adm. Deptt CEO 2)Finance Deptt CAFO 3)Agriculture Deptt ADO 4)Education Deptt EO 5)Work Deptt EE 6)Health Deptt DHO

Department/Headed by item 7)Social welfare deptt SWO 8)Women and child Development W&CDO 9)Animal Husbandry Deptt DAHO 10)Water Supply Deptt EE 11)Village Panchayat Deptt Dy. CEO

The Chief Executive Officer:- -General Administration Department -Village Panchayat. -Finance -Health -Education -Women and child development -Water Supply

The Additional Chief Executive Officer :- -Agriculture -Animal Husbandry -Works -Social Welfare -Minor Irrigation

The ZP and its committees, P S, office bearers of these bodies, State Govt. and its officials working for or under the ZP and PS--- enjoy a wide variety of powers viz. -administrative, -executive, and -financial powers Under the Maharashtra ZP and PS Act,1961.

While bestowing these powers, the following Important factors have been taken in to consideration and necessary safe-guards, checks and counterchecks have also been provided in the Zilla Parishads Act:- 1- Decentralized power of administration. 2- No concentration of power in one authority. 3- Participation of elected persons in policy formation and in decision making.

While be-stowing these powers, the following important factors have been taken in to consideration and necessary safe-guards, checks and counterchecks have also been provided in the Zilla Parishads Act:- 4- Co-ordination of activities of committees. 5- Making the funds availability in time for day to day administration of the ZP/PS 6- Objectives of ZP/PS are carried out in the most economical and efficient manner. 7- Avoidance of misuse of powers.

1-Decentralized pattern of administration- i-This is achieved by the committee system of governance, on the one hand and, Ii- empowering the Chairman on other,with administrative and financial power in respect of subjects allotted to them.

2- No concentration of powers in one authority I -The powers of sanction of works and development schemes, acceptance of tenders, and contracts etc. have been distributed to various authorities in an ascending order order (sec.125 and 126 )

2- No concentration of powers in one authority:- ii-powers of re-appropriation of fund (Sec.138) iii-powers of acquisition of or disposal of the property (Sec.128) have been distributed to various authorities and certain financial limits have also been laid down by the state Govt.

3-Participation of elected persons in policy formation and in decision making:- i-This is achieved by providing a committee system of governance, ii-To ensure faithful implementation of policies laid down and decision taking by elected representatives at various levels. iii-Necessary provisions have been made in the act.

4-Co-ordination of activities of the Committees: i-The Standing Committee is a superior body of the ZP, ii-It has its capacity to review the progress of all activities of ZP, Iii-inspect and supervise development works,schemes and institutions under the ZP, irrespective of their cont

4-Co-ordination of activities of the Committees: iv- and management by the concerned subject committees. v- The president of ZP is made an ex-officio Chairman of Standing Committee. vi- thus co-ordination of all activities of the committees has been achieved by bestowing certain powers and functions on the President and Standing Committee.

5-Making the funds available in time for day to day administration of the ZP/PS:- I -The ZP/PS are required to pass their Budget estimates at least by 27 th March every year, ii-it is also incumbent on the ZP not to make a deficit budget. Iii- to make provision first for incomplete work and then provision for new work Iv-This has restricted the power of the ZP to frame their budget within the available resources and avoid unnecessary expenditure being provided in the Budget Estimates

6- Objectives of the ZP/PS are carried out in the most economical and efficient manner:- i-This has been achieved by constitution of Finance Committee, Ii- it has been empowered to scrutinize the annual Budget Estimate, and income and expenditure of ZP/PS, Iii- to tender advice to these bodies,

6- Objectives of the ZP/PS are carried out in the most economical and efficient manner:- Iv-The Commissioner has been empowered – -- to prevent extravagance in establishment,and -- any expenditure on any work, or -- development scheme is wasteful, or -- not in the public interest.

7-Avoidance of misuse of powers:- i-The Standing Committee has been over-riding powers to avoid misuse of powers by any Committee Ii-The Standing Committee has been given certain extraordinary powers of functional or service nature. Iii-The Committees of ZP and the ZP have over riding powers to amend or annual directions made the President under emergency power u/s 54(2) Iv-Any action taken by the ZP or Standing committee or the appropriate Subject Committee u/s 54(4) is subject to the control of the Commissioner u/s 267(A) of the Act

7-Avoidance of misuse of powers:- V-The provision of this section empowers the Commissioner to- - suspend execution of any order,or -resolution, or -prohibit the doing of any act by the ZP, or its Committees, or PS which, in his opinion –in unlawful,or in consistent with the instructions, or directions given, or issued by the State Govt. u/s (1) of Section 261.

7-Avoidance of misuse of powers:- Vi-The PS also enjoy power to- - revise, or modify any decision taken by the Chairman, or - Deputy Chairman, or - Block Development Officer, or - any officer, or - servant working under Block.

1-To development local leader-ship 2-Planning and implementation of rural development schemes 3-To create awareness among rural people and to ensure their participate in various Govt. programmers 4-To ensure the welfare of Schedule Castes and Schedule Tribes in the District.

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