Scientific Method 1a. Select and use appropriate tools and technology(such as computer- linked probes, spreadsheets, and graphing calculators) to perform tests, collect data, analyze relationships, and display data. 1d. Formulate explanations by using logic and evidence. 1f. Distinguish between hypothesis and theory as scientific terms.

Scientific Process Problem Solving in a scientific way. Follows a specific pattern of steps.

Scientific Process Steps: 1. Question or Problem (observation) 2. Make a hypothesis - an educated guess 3. Conduct an experiment 4. Collect the results - data (Charts, Tables, Graphs) 5. Draw a conclusion

Observations Science is organizing evidence to learn about the natural world. –is based on observations (using one of the five senses) Inference is an interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience.

Observations lead to questions –---> which lead to experiments » ---> which answer the questions.

Hypothesis An educated guess A prediction that can be tested, can be shown to be true or false by experimenting or observation. –A statement that is easily measured ( by a number)

Experimentation Control Group - receives no treatment, used to compare Manipulated (Independent) Variable - the factor you change, what you do to your experimental group. Responding (Dependent) Variable - what happens as a result of that treatment, what you are measuring

Variables Different factors that can change in an experiment. It is very important that you allow only one variable to change.

Example of an Experiment Hypothesis: Plants will grow taller when given Miracle Grow. Plants A & B are both given the same amount of light, water, and are stored at the same temperature. Plant A is given Miracle Grow.

All the variables are kept constant except the one you are testing. Independent variable = Miracle Grow Dependent variable = plant height

Conclusions Shows your results. Information gotten from observations - data. Analyze data tables, charts, and graphs. Is the hypothesis proven correct or incorrect?

What is a Theory  Theory = a synthesis of facts and well-tested hypotheses  Explain many observations  Can be proven incorrect  Can change if new evidence presents itself

Measurement Metric System is used to collect data and perform experiment by most scientists. decimal system of measurement whose units are based on a scale of multiples of 10. Length Distance between 2 points Base unit: meter (m) 1 m = inches [1 inch =2.54 cm]

Mass –Amount of matter in an object –ALWAYS CONSTANT –Base unit: gram (g) Volume –Amount of space occupied by a 3-D object –Base unit: liter (L)

Powers of "10" travel down the stairs, move the decimal to the right travel up the stairs, move the decimal to the left "Killer Hot Dogs Munch Dead Cat Meat"

Kilo- Hecta- Deka- Meter Liter Gram deci- centi- milli- Convert 1000 liters into kiloliters = Convert 1 meter into millimeters = Convert 25,000,000 centimeters into kilometers

Scientific Method 1. Identify the Problem 2. Make a Hypothesis 3. Conduct an Experiment 4. Collect Data 5. Draw a Conclusion

Vocabulary Cloze _________________ is based on observations. The scientific method starts when you make an _______________________ using one or more of your five ___________________________. Observations then lead to a ____________________________ that you can measure, preferably with a number. A ____________________________ is an educated guess about how things work. You must state your hypothesis in a way that you can easily ______________________.

Your __________________________ tests whether your hypothesis is true or false. It is important for your experiment to be a fair test. The factors in an experiment that can change are called _______________________. All other variables should be kept unchanged, or _______________________. The variable that is changed is called the _____________________ variable. The variable that is observed and that changes in response to the manipulated variable is called the ______________________ variable.

Scientists use the ______________ from an experiment to evaluate the hypothesis and draw a _________________________. The _____________________ can be analyzed using tables, charts, and graphs. The conclusion will help you determine if your original hypothesis was true or false. A hypothesis may become so well supported that scientists consider it a _____________________________.