Unit 5 Problems and advice Module 3

Grammar

Infinitives and –ing verb forms after perception verbs Perception verbs include feel, find, hear, listen to, notice, see and watch. After the direct object of such verbs, we can use either an –ing verb form or a bare infinitive. An –ing verb form means a continuing action. A bare infinitive means a completed action.

Infinitives and –ing verb forms after perception verbs Perception verbs + -ing verb form: I saw the flowerpot falling to the ground below. (=I saw it while it was falling.)

Perception verbs + bare infinitive: I saw the flowerpot fall to the ground below. (=I saw it hit the ground.)

Complete the sentences with the words in the box, changing their form as necessary. shake open play hide eat go 1As I walked past the music room, I heard someone ________ the piano beautifully. 2The boy was hungry. I watched him _________ a whole steak by himself. He left nothing behind. 3Everyone in the city felt the ground __________ for a moment — it was an earthquake. 4The woman screamed when she noticed a mouse _______ in her cupboard. 5The thief knew the rich man was home. He saw him _______ the front door and ______ in. playing eat shake hiding opengo

1. 感官动词后面既可以接动词不定式，又可以接 现在分词。不定式与现在分词在句中做宾语补 足语。 2. 不定式做宾语补足语表示已经完成的动作，强 调动作全过程。现在分词作宾语补足语表示正 在进行的动作。 3.I saw a boy climb over the fence. 我看见一个小男孩翻过了篱笆。 要点提示

4. 动词不定式做宾语补足语时通常不带 to 。 5. 若感官动词为被动语态，随后的不定式必须带 to 。 如： A boy was seen to climb the fence. 有人看见小男 孩翻过篱笆。 6. 如果感官动词宾语后面的补足语表示的被动动作， 要用 being done 的性式：若表示的是已完成的被动动 作，就用过去分词 done 。 I saw a boy being bullied by two tough guys, and telephoned the police at once. 我看 见一个小男孩被两个野蛮家伙欺负，便立即打电话给 警察。 I told the police that I saw the boy bullied by two tough guys. 我告诉警察我看见男孩被那两个野蛮家伙 欺负。

Infinitives and –ing verb forms after other verbs. The following verbs can be used before either a to – infinitive or an –ing verb form, resulting in a difference in meaning. stop I stopped looking. (=I no longer looked.) I stopped to look. (=I stopped what I was doing in order to look.)

Infinitives and –ing verb forms after other verbs. remember When we use an –ing verb form after remember, we are referring to n action that happened in the past. When we use a to –infinitive after remember, we are referring to an action that we should take. I remember going to the party last year. (=I remember that I went to the party last year.) I remembered to buy snacks for the party. (=We had a party and I had to buy snacks for it. I bought them.)

Infinitives and –ing verb forms after other verbs. forget When we use an –ing verb form after forget, we are referring to an action that happened in the past. When we use to –infinitive after forget, we are referring to something we should have done, but unintentionally failed to do.

I will never forget going to the party last year. (=I will never forget that I went to the party last year.) I forgot to buy snacks for the party. (=We had a party and I had to buy snacks for it, but I forgot and did not do it.)

Infinitives and –ing verb forms after other verbs. regret I regret not helping him. (I did not help him. I regret that.) I regret to say it is not always easy to do the right thing. (=I have some bad news: It is not always easy to do the right thing.) mean It means correcting the error. (=It involves correcting the error.) I meant to correct the error. (=I intended to correct the error.)

1. 有些动词，如 stop, remember, forget, regret, mean 等， 后面既可以接动词不定式，又可以接动名词。但是 含义截然不同。 2.stop doing something 停止正在做的事 stop to do something 停下来去做另一件事 3.remember doing something 记得做过某事 remember to do something 记得要去做某事注意： remember 后接 动词不定式用于过去时，常含有因不重视或漫不经 心而忘记做某事之意。如： I remembered to go to the post office, but it was closed by time I arrived. 我记得 要去邮局的，但是我到达的时候邮局已经关门了。

4. forget doing something 忘记了做过的事 forget to do something 忘记要做某事 5. regret doing something 后悔做了某事 regret to do something 遗憾地（通知，说，告诉）某事 6.mean doing something 意味着 mean to do something 想要做某事 注意： had meant to do 意为 “ 本来想要做 … … ，但未完成 ” 。如： I had meant to visit you last Saturday, but I was told to attend a meeting. 我 本打算上周六去看你的，但被告知要去开会。

Complete each sentence with the word in brackets. Change the form of the words or use to as necessary. 1Marge: Did you remember ______ (get) the bread while you were shopping? Don: Oh, I’m sorry. I forgot _______ (buy) it. 2Bill regretted ________ (play) basketball all night instead of studying for his exam. 3On the way home from school, the children stopped ________ (buy) sweets. 4A high position brings many benefits, but it also means ________ (have) much responsibility. to get to buy playing having

5 I regret __________ (inform) you that your application to our university has been rejected. 6 After the police came, the three tough guys stopped __________ (bully) the boy. 7 Some elderly people often forget _______ (take) their medicine, and so take it again. 8 After moving away, the girl meant ________ (write) to her parents, but never found the time. to inform bullying taking to write

3. An infinitive (with to) can be used as an adverbial to express a purpose. The yearly-awarded prizes are given to honour those who help mankind.

remember/lock mean/hurt stop/talk see/let forget/keep regret/call find/dig remember/lock mean/hurt stop/talk see/let forget/keep regret/call find/dig Complete the new letter on the following page with the words in the box. Change the form of the words or add to as necessary.

stopped to talk foget to keep remenber to lock sawlet regretcalling means to hurt

Grammar and Vocabulary 1.Paul doesn’t have to be made ______. He always works hard. A. study B. to study C. studied D. studying 2. The salesman scolded the girl caught _____ and left her off. A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing B D

Don’t forget to post my letter. Please remember Yes, I promise I’ll remember ______ your letter. A. posting B. having posted C. to be posted D. to post 4. When we came into the lab, we saw the teacher ______ experiments. A. to make B. made C. making D. having made 5. Jane was heard ______ the song last night in the next room. A. singing B. to sing C. to be singing D. sing D C A

6. Suddenly I noticed a man ______ at a table near the window kept glancing in my direction. A. sit B. seat C. sitting D. seating 7. I felt someone ______ me on the arm all of a sudden. A. touching B. to touch C. touched D. touch 8. The policeman observed the young fellow _____ the bank with a shotgun and he followed in. A. to enter B. entering C. have entered D. entering C D B

9. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings ______ in the area. A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair Robert is indeed a wise man. ----Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ______ his advice! A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking A D

Did Peter fix the computer himself? ---He ____, because he doesn't know much about computers. A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it Can I smoke here? ----Sorry. We don’t allow ______ here. A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking 13. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him. A. calling B. calledC. being calledD. to call C D A

14. There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade 15. She stopped ______ the window and found a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbor’s house. A. look out of B. to look out of C. looking out of D. looked out of D B