1. Gerunds Vs Infinitives

2. What (the h***) is the gerund? A gerund is the ING form of the verb. Examples: Playing Swimming Going Running Being

3. When do we use the GERUND? After certain verbs Instead of a noun After prepositions

4. 1. After certain verbs Enjoy I enjoy reading I was enjoying reading She has enjoyed reading You will enjoy reading We have been enjoying reading

5. Certain verbs are followed by the gerund After ‘enjoy’ ‘fancy’ ‘discuss’ ‘dislike’ ‘finish’ The second verb is ALWAYS in the gerund I enjoy reading I fancy watching movies We discussed going on holiday together I dislike waiting for buses We’ve finished preparing for the meeting

6. Certain verbs are followed by the gerund Mind I don’t mind coming early Suggest He suggested staying home (NOT suggested to) Recommend He recommended meeting earlier Kept He kept working although he felt ill. Avoid She avoided talking to her boss

7. Another way we use a gerund After certain verbs Instead of a noun After prepositions

8. Examples Smoking isn’t allowed here Swimming is very good exercise

9. A third way to use gerunds After certain verbs Instead of a noun After prepositions

10. Examples I drank a cup of coffee before leaving. It’s a good idea to brush your teeth after eating

11. Gerunds after prepositions in phrasal verbs I gave up smoking. I agree with playing soccer. She complains about bullying. They decided against attending the meeting. Sara dreams of becoming a rock star.

12. We use ‘to+infinitive’: After certain verbs After many adjectives To show purpose

13. Ecamples He decided to leave early. Can be in any tense

14. Examples He decided to leave early. The second verb is always with ‘to+infinitive’

15. More verbs that take ‘to+infinitive’ Agree She agreed to give a presentation. Ask She asked to leave early. Plan He plans to buy a new car. Hope I hope to pass the exam. Learn They are learning to sing. Want I want to come to the party.

16. More examples of verbs that take the infinitive Would like I would like to see you tonight. Promise I promised not to be late. (Make negative by adding ‘not’ before the infinitive)

17. More examples on verbs that take the infinitive Pleased I’m pleased to meet you!

18. We use the ‘to+infinitive’ After certain verbs After many adjectives To show purpose

19. Examples: Happy I’m happy to see you! Right She was right to leave early. Wrong They were wrong to leave the building. Careful The teacher was careful to speak clearly. Lucky He was lucky to get a scholarship. Likely It’s likely to snow tonight.

20. We use the ‘to+infinitive’ After certain verbs After many adjectives To show purpose

21. ( we use the infinitive to say why we do something) I came to the US to study. I went home to have lunch. (NOT: for have lunch)

22. Gerund OR infinitive with NO CHANGE IN MEANING  Some verbs take either G/or INF with no change in meaning: Start It started to rain./ = It started raining. Continue: I continued to work./ = I continued working Begin: She began to sing/ she began singing Prefer: I prefer eating at home./ I prefer to eat at home.

23. Gerund of infinitive WITH change in meaning Some verbs either take the GR or INF but WITH change in meaning: Stop + gerund (when you stop the action or activity) Stop + ‘to+infinitive’ (when you stop something to do something else)

24. Examples – (Stop + Gerund) Stop (gerund): She stopped working. She stopped smoking. She stopped studying. (=she stopped doing the verb)

25. Stop + ‘to+infinitive’ I stopped to have lunch I stopped to say hello. (=I stopped doing the first action because of the second)

26. Remember + GR/INF Remember + gerund (To talk about past actions) Remember + ‘to+infinitive) (when someone remembers/has to remember something they have to do)

27. Remember + gerund He remembers going to the beach. (in his head) I remember locking the door.

28. Remember + ‘to+inf’ Please remember to buy milk! (the person needs to remember buying milk when at the store) He remembered to meet her. (First, he arranged a meeting with her. Then he remembered to go to the meeting.)

29. Try + inf Used when we don’t succeed in doing the action: I tried to open the window, but it was stuck! (=I failed at the action) He tried to eat salad every day, but I often go for the Pizza. (=failed at the attempt, eating salad is the goal, but he didn’t succeed)

30. Try + gerund Used when we do the action but it doesn’t help us to achieve the goal: I tried opening the window, but the room was still hot. (this mean I opened the window easily, as an experiment to see if it would make the room cooler)