Objective: Students will understand Sectionalism and Nationalism in the United States.

Pre 1812 two events changed the US economy  Embargo Act of made trade illegal with European countries  War of British placed blockade around US making trade impossible

Embargo Act of 1807

 Great Britain discovered the ability to use coal and water to power machines prior to the US  Moved away from cottage industries  US adopted these ideas for use in their own ways

 Eli Whitney – demonstrated use of interchangeable parts to President Adams in 1801  First used on fire arms

3 advantages of interchangeable parts 1. Increased production, items could be mass produced 2. Repairs are easier on items, can replace one part 3. Allowed the use of more unskilled labor for lower salary

 Interchangeable parts and mass production resulted in Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution- a social & economic reorganization in the 19 th century as machines replaced hand tools and large scale factory production developed

 Samuel Slater – Englishman that brought secrets of textile mills to America from England in 1793  England made it illegal for textile workers to leave their country with their knowledge of how machines worked

The first factories were placed in New England because: 1. Economy had been based on shipping and foreign trade 2. Fast moving rivers to supply water for factories 3. Large supply of people willing to work in the factories

 Town of Lowell (1822)– booming manufacturing center  Many women came from farms to work  Irish men, women, and children came after the Potato Famine In New England, small family farms remained- only growing what was needed. In the late 1700’s slavery began to die out.

 Cotton Gin  Invented by Eli Whitney in 1794  Cleaned cotton by removing seeds and leaves  Steel Plows  Invented by John Deere  Sped up the process of planting crops  Grain Reaper  Invented by Cyrus McCormick in 1834  Made harvest faster and easier

 “Cotton is King”- plantations used new inventions to help production  Farming transformed Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama- expanding slavery From 1790 to 1810 the south slave numbers increased from 700,000 to 1,200,000 slaves.

In 1815, President Madison wants to unite the nation and make the nation self-sufficient. Madison’s Goals 1. Improve transportation / internal improvements 2. Establish the Tariff of Resurrect national bank (Second Bank of the US)

 Congressman Henry Clay proposes the American System  The North would produce manufactured goods for the South  The South would produce the crops and livestock for the North

 National Road  Connected regions together by land (MD to IL)  Started Westward migration  Erie Canal built in New York  AKA “The Big Ditch”  Linked Hudson River to the Great Lakes  Shipping charges dropped

Robert Fulton – given credit for creating the first steamboat – speeds up transportation

 James Monroe- elected president (1816)  Monroe- (a Virginian Dem- Rep) went on a goodwill tour across New England & was well received  America entered into an "Era of Good Feelings"