Click on a lesson name to select. Section 1: Circulatory System Section 2: Respiratory System Section 3: Excretory System Chapter 34 Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems

Click on a lesson name to select. Physiology 9. As a result of the coordinated structures and functions of organ systems, the internal environment of the human body remains relatively stable (homeostatic), despite changes in the outside environment. As a basis for understanding this concept, students know: a. how the complementary activity of major body systems provides cells with oxygen and nutrients, and removes toxic waste products such as carbon dioxide. Standard:

Click on a lesson name to select. The Circulatory System

Click on a lesson name to select. Circulatory System Videos Summary 1:37 The Heart 4:33 The Arteries, Veins and Capillaries 4:17 Blood Pressure 1:47 Video Quiz 4:03 1 Intro: 1:37

Click on a lesson name to select. Objective Questions 1.? Purpose ? 2.? Structures and the functions of each? 3.? Blood vessels ? 4.? Blood is…? 5.? How ‘R’ blood and fluids circulated?

Click on a lesson name to select. Circulatory System Purpose: Deliver oxygen, water, and nutrients Remove waste products. O 2 & Nutrients CO 2 & Waste

MAIN STRUCTURES: HeartBlood VesselsBlood 1

The Heart Central organ Beats more than 2.4 billion times in a lifetime. Size of a fist. Cardiac muscle. 2

The Heart: 1 Receives blood from Body and Lungs 2 Has 2 Sides, Right & Left 3 Has 4 Chambers: 2 Atria 2 Ventricles

Heart Structures Atriums: Receive blood from the body Ventricles: Pump blood to the body Valves: Prevent the backflow of blood Septum: Separates the right and left ventricles 2

Heartbeat… …controlled with a set beat made by a pace maker. (Group of nerve tissues) 2 This pacemaker is part of the negative feedback system of the nervous system. Standard Connection

What are the 3 types of blood vessels and their Functions? 3 Artery Vein

Arteries – carry blood AWAY from the heart. –Thick walls to deal with high pressure. (Arterioles – smaller arteries) Capillaries – one blood cell thick diffusion takes place here Veins – Carry blood TOWARD the heart. –Thin walls because pressure is lower. –Contain valves to prevent backflow of blood. (Venules – smaller veins) 3 O 2 Rich O 2 Poor

What are the components of blood? It IS Connective tissue 45% - solid (one of the 3 types of blood) 55% - plasma (watery substance) 4

Components Details 1. RBC’s ( Erythrocytes ) – carry O 2 and CO 2 –Contain hemoglobin –NO NUCLEUS – cannot reproduce: made in the Red Bone Marrow. 2. WBC’s or Leukocytes – body’s defense system 3. Platelets – clotting component. – forms a seal – Hemophiliacs cannot form scabs and can bleed to death Plasma = watery environment

What important substances does the blood carry? Gases: Oxygen & CO 2 Hormones Vitamins and Minerals Food Wastes 4

How is blood circulated throughout the body? 5

What is blood pressure? The measure of force that blood exerts on a vessels wall. PROBLEMS: –Blood pressure too low or to high –Extremely high blood pressure is called Hypertension Can lead to strokes –Low is Hypotension

The Lymphatic System? Collects “leaks” from the blood and returns it to the circulatory system. Lymph nodes of the lymphatic system store WBC”s and return them to the circulatory system. 5

Click on a lesson name to select. Homework Questions 1. What is the main function of the circulatory system? 2. What important substances does the circulatory system carry? 3. How does the circulatory system help to regulate body temperature? 4. Describe the difference between arteries, capillaries and veins. 5. Why would the heart have to beat faster during exercise? 6. The capillaries allow the real work of the circulatory system to be done. Explain this statement. 7. What are the main components of blood, and what is the function of each?

Click on a lesson name to select. Question 1. What is the main function of the circulatory system? Answer: Transportation of oxygen and nutrients

Click on a lesson name to select. Question 2: What important substances does the circulatory system carry? Answers: Other than oxygen and nutrients… It carries disease-fighting materials produced by the immune system It contains cell fragments and proteins for blood clotting

Click on a lesson name to select. Question 3: How does the circulatory system help to regulate body temperature? Answer: The Circulatory System distributes heat throughout the body to help regulate body temperature

Click on a lesson name to select.

Question 4: Describe the difference between arteries, capillaries and veins.

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Arteries and Veins are composed of 3 layers: endothelium, smooth muscles and connective tissues Capillaries have only a single-celled layer of endothelium Chapter Circulatory System

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34

Arteries Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems  Oxygen-rich blood is carried away from the heart. Chapter Circulatory System

Capillaries Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems  Microscopic blood vessels where the exchange of important substances and wastes occur  The walls are only one cell thick. Chapter Circulatory System

Veins Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems  Carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart  Contraction of skeletal muscles helps keep the blood moving. Chapter Circulatory System

Click on a lesson name to select. Question 5: Why would the heart have to beat faster during exercise? Answer: During exercise, the need for energy increases cellular respiration, which increases the need for oxygen and an increased production of CO 2 These needs cause the brain to increase the heart rate to deliver more oxygen and delete more carbon dioxide.

Click on a lesson name to select. Question 6. The capillaries allow the real work of the circulatory system to be done. Explain this statement. Answer: It is in the capillaries that oxygen is chemically bonded to hemoglobin in the red blood cells and carbon dioxide is released from the capillaries to the lungs by diffusion Oxygen is released from the blood into the body cells by diffusion, and carbon dioxide moves from the cells to the blood by diffusion.

Click on a lesson name to select. 7. What are the main components of blood, and what is the function of each? Answer: The components of the blood are … plasma -- carries glucose, fats, vitamins, minerals, hormones, and waste products from the cells red blood cells– carries oxygen to cells white blood cells -- recognize disease causing organisms, produce chemicals to fight the invaders, surround and kill the invaders platelets – collect and stick to site of injury in vessel, release chemical that makes fibrin which weaves a network to trap platelets and red blood cells

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34

Respiratory System

Let’s See It OverviewStructure and Characteristics of the lungs The System A Healthy system Breathing

What are the structures and functions of the respiratory system?

Functions: 1. Carries air into and out of lungs 2. Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide through diffusion

Structures 1.Nasal Cavity 2.Trachea 3.Bronchii 4.Bronchioles 5.alveoli

1. Nasal Cavity – mucous membranes warm and moisten the air, cilia traps particles

2. Trachea –passageway to the lungs 3. Bronchi – trachea branched –Lined with smooth muscles, cilia, mucous

What is the passage of air through the respiratory system? 4. Bronchioles –Bronchi branched into smaller and smaller tubes 5. Alveoli –Clusters of tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles –Capillaries wrap around them –Gas exchange

Oxygen: in mouth  alveoli  blood  heart  body. Carbon Dioxide: body  heart  blood  alveoli  out mouth. Exchange occurs due to a concentration gradient which causes diffusion (Gases move toward the place of lower concentration)

What is the difference between inspiration and expiration?

Inspiration – taking O 2 into the lungs –Diaphragm contracts and pushes down Expiration – releasing C0 2 out. –Diaphragm relaxes, lungs deflate

How are the circulatory and respiratory systems related? Alveoli (respiratory) contain capillaries (circulatory) which pick up the O 2 and drop of the CO 2.

How is the rate of breathing controlled? The brain monitors CO 2 levels –When activity increases: CO 2 increases –This stimulates nerve cells –Nerve cells stimulate diaphragm to increase breathing

Respiratory System Homework Questions and Answers 1. What is the main job of the respiratory system? 2. What is the difference between respiration and cellular respiration. 3. Explain how the respiratory system is protected from particles? 4. Define: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli 5. Why must the alveolar membranes be thin? 6. What is the diaphragm and what does it do? 7. Describe what happens during inhalation and exhalation. 8. What does the brain detect to determine rate of breathing?

#1 What is the main job of the respiratory system? The job of the respiratory system is to provide an avenue for the exchange of gases

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems  This reduces the size of the chest cavity as the diaphragm moves up. Chapter Respiratory System Visualizing Gas Exchange  During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and returns to its normal resting position.

#2 What is the difference between respiration and cellular respiration? Respiration is breathing; cellular respiration is the conversion of food into energy at the cellular level

#3 Explain how the respiratory system is protected from foreign particles The respiratory system is protected from foreign particles first with hairs in the nose, which block entry. Secondly, cilia are found throughout the airways. The cilia wave in unison, flushing any foreign particles up and out of the airways. Coughs and sneezes are a more forceful way to remove foreign particles.

#4 The trachea is the large breathing tube that runs from the back of your throat to the bronchi. The bronchi are a set of divided air tubes that lead toward each lung The bronchioles are smaller branches of the bronchi that lead toward each lobe of the lungs The alveoli are the small air sacs where gas exchange takes place in the lungs Define: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems The Path of Air  The respiratory system is made up of the nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli (al VEE uh li), and the diaphragm. Chapter Respiratory System

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems  Each bronchus branches into smaller tubes called bronchioles.  Each of these small tubes continues to branch into even smaller passageways, which end in individual air sacs called alveoli. Chapter Respiratory System

#5 Why must the alveolar membranes be thin? The alveolar membranes must be thin enough to allow diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen. Therefore, they consist of only one layer of cells.

#6 What is the diaphragm and what does it do? The diaphram is a flat, round muscle found at the bottom of your rib cage. When it contracts, it is pulled downward, causing more space in the rib cage, allowing the lungs to expand. When the diaphram relaxes, it returns to its position below the lungs, decreasing the space in the rib cage, causing the lungs to expel air

#7 Describe what happens during inhalation and exhalation. Inhalation is the act of taking air into the lungs. As the diaphram contracts, it allows air to move in. Exhalation is the act of breathing out. As the diaphram relaxes, it moves up beneath the lungs causing us to push air out.

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Breathing  Inhalation is the act of taking air into the lungs.  The diaphragm contracts, causing the chest cavity to expand as the diaphragm moves down. Chapter Respiratory System

#8 What does the brain detect to determine rate of breathing? The brain detects the level of carbon dioxide in the blood. When it is high, the breathing rate increases.

The Excretory System

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems 34.2 Respiratory System Breathing and Respiration  The respiratory system sustains cellular respiration by supplying oxygen to body cells and removing carbon dioxide waste from cells.  Breathing is the mechanical movement of air into and out of your lungs.  External respiration is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood.  Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood and the body’s cells. Chapter 34

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems  Hairlike structures called cilia trap foreign particles from the air and sweep them toward the throat.  Filtered air then passes through the upper throat called the pharynx. Chapter Respiratory System  Air enters your mouth or nose.

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems  The trachea branches into two large tubes, called bronchi, which lead to the lungs. Chapter Respiratory System  The epiglottis allows air to pass from the larynx to a long tube in the chest cavity called the trachea.

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter Respiratory System

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems 34.3 Excretory System Functions of the Excretory System  The excretory system removes toxins and wastes from the body.  Regulates the amount of fluid and salts in the body  Maintains the pH of the blood Chapter 34

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems  The components that make up the excretory system include the lungs, skin, and kidneys. Parts of the Excretory System Chapter Excretory System

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems The Kidneys  Bean shaped organs that filter out wastes, water, and salts from the blood  Renal cortex  Renal medulla  Renal pelvis Chapter Excretory System

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Nephron Filtration  Each kidney contains approximately one million filtering units called nephrons.  The renal artery transports nutrients and wastes to the kidney. Chapter Excretory System

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Reabsorption and the Formation of Urine  The filtrate flows through the loop of Henle and the collecting tubule.  Glucose and minerals are reabsorbed back into the capillaries surrounding the renal tubule.  Urine, which is excess fluids and wastes, leaves the kidneys through ducts called the ureters.  Urine is stored in the urinary bladder and exits the body through the urethra. Chapter Excretory System

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Kidney Disorders Chapter Excretory System

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34

The Excretory System

Homework Questions and Answers 1. What is the function of the excretory system? The function of the excretory system is to maintain homeostasis by removing wastes and excess water from the body, maintaining the pH of the blood, and maintaining the salt balance of the

2.What are the organs of the excretory system (be careful!!!)? In order of importance, the organs of the excretory system include the … **kidneys **(excess water, urea, maintain pH) lungs (CO 2 and excess water), liver (broken down hemoglobin) skin (salt balance).

3.What is the functioning unit of the kidney, and what does it filter out? The functioning unit of the kidney is the nephron. There are about 1 million nephrons inside a kidney. They filter the waste (excess water, toxins and urea) from the blood. These wastes are combined to form urine

4. How do the kidneys help maintain pH in the body? The kidneys can release H+ ions into the blood to increase pH or remove buffers from the blood to lower pH. They work to keep the pH at a level of

5.The kidneys “recycle”. What do they recycle and why? The nephrons filter out helpful substances when they are filtering out the wastes. These are returned to the blood through a process called reabsorption

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34 Chapter Resource Menu Chapter Diagnostic Questions Formative Test Questions Chapter Assessment Questions Standardized Test Practice biologygmh.com Glencoe Biology Transparencies Image Bank Vocabulary Animation Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding lesson.

Identify the structures that carry blood away from the heart. A. valves B. veins C. arteries D. capillaries Chapter Diagnostic Questions Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34

True or False Only veins have valves to prevent backward flow of blood. Chapter Diagnostic Questions Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34

Chapter Diagnostic Questions Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34 Name the blood component that is helpful in clotting. A. platelets B. plasma C. red blood cells D. white blood cells

Which is a vein? 34.1 Formative Questions Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34

Which blood vessels have valves that prevent blood from flowing backward? A. arteries B. arterioles C. veins D. venules 34.1 Formative Questions Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34

Which node is the pacemaker for the heart? 34.1 Formative Questions Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34

Which blood component carries most of the carbon dioxide produced in the body’s cells? A. hemoglobin B. plasma C. platelets D. red blood cells 34.1 Formative Questions Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34

Which is not one of the defenses against foreign materials entering the lungs? A. cilia B. mucous C. nose hairs D. trachea 34.2 Formative Questions Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34

How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported into and out of cells? A. by diffusion B. by osmosis C. by active transport D. by membrane pumps 34.2 Formative Questions Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34

What causes inhalation of air to the lungs? A. Rib and diaphragm muscles contract. B. Rib and diaphragm muscles relax Formative Questions Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34

What internal stimulus causes breathing rate to increase? A. a high concentration of O 2 in the blood B. a high concentration of CO 2 in the blood C. a low concentration of O 2 in the blood D. a low concentration of CO 2 in the blood 34.2 Formative Questions Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34

Which is an example of internal respiration? 34.2 Formative Questions Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34 D. Oxygen in red blood cells diffuses into tissue cells. C. Oxygen in alveoli diffuses into red blood cells. A. Air in the lung moves into and out of alveoli. to the lungs. B. Carbon dioxide is carried from body tissues

What is the role of the skin in the excretory system? 34.3 Formative Questions Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34 A. It controls levels of CO 2 and other gases. B. It excretes water and salts. C. It regulates the pH of the blood. D. It removes minerals and urea.

How do the kidneys help maintain pH homeostasis in the body? 34.3 Formative Questions Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34 A. by adjusting the balance of electrolytes in urine B. by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing buffers C. by increasing or decreasing the reabsorption of water D. by regulating the level of carbon dioxide in the blood

What condition results from crystallization of mineral compounds in the kidney? 34.3 Formative Questions Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34 A. Bowman’s disorder B. kidney stones C. nephritis D. polycystic disease

What is the immediate result of kidney failure? 34.3 Formative Questions Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34 A. Fluid-filled cysts grow in the kidney. B. The body rejects the kidney. C. The urinary tract becomes blocked. D. Waste products build up in the blood.

Sequence the flow of blood through the heart beginning with the right atrium. Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34 Chapter Assessment Questions Answer: Deoxygenated blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle, and then to the lungs and back to the left atrium and into the left ventricle which pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body and returns to the right atrium.

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34 Chapter Assessment Questions Which is not true of red blood cells? A. live for about 120 days B. fight disease C. develop in the marrow D. have no nuclei

Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34 Chapter Assessment Questions What structure contracts during inhalation? A. bronchi B. diaphragm C. ribs D. pharynx

Which heart chamber is responsible for the pulse you can feel in your wrist? A. left atrium B. left ventricle C. right atrium D. right ventricle Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34 Standardized Test Practice

Which two blood vessels are veins? (Two answers) Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34 Standardized Test Practice

Which two blood vessels carry oxygenated blood? (Two answers) Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34 Standardized Test Practice

Why should a girl with type A blood not receive a transfusion of type AB blood? A. She has A markers on her blood cells. Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34 Standardized Test Practice B. She has A and B markers on her blood cells. C. She has Anti-A antibodies in her blood plasma. D. She has Anti-B antibodies in her blood plasma.

Where is urea filtered out of the blood? Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34 Standardized Test Practice

What is the function of the convoluted tubule and the Loop of Henle? A. accumulate urea and toxins B. filter out sugars and proteins C. reabsorb water and glucose D. store salts and minerals Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34 Standardized Test Practice

Glencoe Biology Transparencies Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34

Image Bank Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34

artery capillary vein valve heart pacemaker plasma red blood cell platelet white blood cell atherosclerosis Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34 Vocabulary Section 1

breathing external respiration internal respiration trachea bronchus lung alveolus Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34 Vocabulary Section 2

kidney urea Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34 Vocabulary Section 3

 Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins  Circulatory System Circulatory System  Visualizing Gas Exchange Visualizing Gas Exchange  Kidney Filtration Kidney Filtration Animation Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapter 34