1. Circulatory System Review Sheet 7A

2. 1. What is the function of the circulatory system?
Transport of materials throughout the body.
2. What is the liquid part of the blood? What is it’s function? 
Plasma transports materials in the blood such as nutrients, hormones, enzymes…

3. 3. Fill in the chart below to describe the types of blood cells and the function of each.
Cell Type
Description
Function
Red blood cells
Disc shaped, most numerous
No nucleus, live for 120 days
Contain hemoglobin (protein)
 Carried oxygen and carbon dioxide
White blood cells
 Largest blood cell
Fewer than RBC’s
 Protects the body against disease
Platelets
 Cell fragments
 Clotting
(produces fibrin to stop bleeding)

4. 4. Identify each of the blood vessels below and tell the function of each:
Veins
Carries blood to the heart .
Arteries
Carries blood away from the heart
Capillaries
Allows materials to be exchanged between the blood and cells
Connects arteries and veins

5. 5. a. The largest artery is called the aorta. b
5. a. The largest artery is called the aorta. b. Function: Carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body 6. a. The largest vein is called the vena cava. b. Function: Carries deoxygenated blood from the cells of your body back to the heart

6. 7.
a. Which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood?
Left side
b. Where is this oxygenated blood being sent to?
All over the body 8.
a. Which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood?
right side
b. Where is this deoxygenated blood being sent to?
The lungs to get more oxygen

7. 9. aorta Pulmonary artery Upper vena cava Left atrium Pulmonary veins
Right atrium
valve
Left ventricle
lower vena cava
Right ventricle

8. 10. For each blood type indicate the type of antigen carried by the red blood cells and antibodies found in the plasma.
A: A antigens, anti-B antibodies
B: B antigens, anti-A antibodies
AB: both A and B antigens, no antibodies
O: no antigens, both anti-A and anti-B antibodies

9. 12. A person has blood type B+.  
Who can this person donate blood to?  
B+, AB+
b. Who can this person receive blood from?
B+, B-, O+, O-
c. Can this person donate to someone who is B-? Why or why not?
No, because the person with B- blood does not have the Rh factor so if they enter the body, the blood will clump.

10. Respiratory System

11. 1. The main job of the circulatory system is the get oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out of the body.
2. The walls of the trachea are made up of rings of cartilage.
3. The large, flat muscle that produces the movement of inhalation and exhalation is the diaphragm.
4. In the chest, the trachea divides into 2 bronchi.
5. The main passageway that leads to the lungs from the throat is the trachea.
6. The first tubes to branch off the trachea are called bronchi.
7. During swallowing, the air passage of the pharynx is covered by the epiglottis.
8. What is the correct sequence for the path of oxygen through the respiratory system starting with the trachea?
Trachea, bronchi, bronchial tubes, bronchioles, alveoli
9. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the external environment and blood occurs in the alveoli.
10. Which structure contributes to pressure changes in the chest cavity?
Diaphragm

12. 11.
a. What gas is represented by A?
oxygen
b. What gas is represented by B?
Carbon dioxide
c. What is structure C?
capillary
d. What process occurs here?
Gas exchange by diffusion
12. What structure is affected by emphysema?
Alveoli

13. 13. What happens in the body during inhalation?
Diaphragm contracts or moves down
Pressure decreases
Rib cage expands
14. What happens in the body during exhalation?
Diaphragm relaxes or moves up
Pressure increases
Rib cage relaxes

14. 15. Label the diagram below.
Nose/nostrils
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchial tubes
Bronchioles
Diaphragm

15. Excretory System

16. 1. What is the principle nitrogenous in humans?
urea
2. Nitrogenous wastes may be produced as a result of the breakdown of proteins
3. Compared to blood entering the kidney, blood leaving the kidney normally contains a lower concentration of wastes/urea.
4. Which organ produces urea?
Liver
5. This organ excretes salt from its surface: skin
6. The functional units of this organ are known as alveoli: lungs
7. The functional units of this organ are known as nephrons: kidneys
8. In humans, the nitrogenous wastes are removed from the blood in structures called kidneys/nephrons.
9. Which excretory organ maintains normal body temperature?
skin
10. As urine is excreted, muscle contractions in the bladder will cause the urine to pass into the urethra.

17. 11. Use the diagram to answer the following questions.
a. Which structure produces urine?
A: urine
b. Name structure B.
Ureters
c. Name structure C.
Urinary Bladder
d. Name structure D.
Urethra

18. 12. Use the diagram to answer the following questions.
a. What does structure A Excrete? (2 substances)
Carbon dioxide and water vapor
b. Which structure regulates the amount of water in the blood?
kidneys
c. How does structure B play a role in excretion?
It produces urea (deamination) and detoxifies the blood.
d. What does structure D produce?
urine