3 kinds of variables Independent Dependent Constant

Independent variable What you change on purpose

Dependent variable What you are measuring

constant What stays the same

Steps of the scientific method Ask a question or state the problem Make hypothesis Test hypothesis Analyze data and get results Make conclusion

Organelle Mini organ inside a cell with a specific function

Cell wall Provides Structure and support for plant cells

Nucleus Controls the cell

Nucleolus Makes ribosomes

chloroplast Does photosynthesis Converts sunlight into energy

Cytoplasm Gel like substance that holds all the organelles in place

ribosome Makes proteins

mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell Makes energy

Cell membrane Controls what goes in and out of the cell

Golgi Complex Packages materials out of the cell

Vacuole Stores food and water

Endoplasmic reticulum Passageways through the cell

Lysosome Gets rid of waste and worn out cell parts

Cell Smallest unit that can carry out all life processes Basic unit of all living things

Cell theory All cells come from other cells All living things have cells Cells are basic unit of life

Characteristics of all living things Have One or more Cells DNA Protective covering

Characteristics of all living things Do Grow or develop Give off waste Move or expand territory Reproduce Adjust to environment

Characteristics of all living things Need Energy Resources, oxygen, CO2, nutrients Water Shelter or habitat

2 kinds of cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic Cells with no nucleus Example-bacteria

Eukaryotic Cells with a nucleus Example-plants and animals

Hypothesis If, then, because statement Prediction about what will happen Must be testable

New Cards

Front Benefits of being multicellular Back 1.Can be bigger 2.Longer life span 3.Specialized cells

Front Organization of living things Back 1.Cells 2.Tissue 3.Organ 4.Organ system

Front Tissue Back Many cells working together Example: muscle tissue

Front organ Back Many tissues working together Example: stomach

Front Organ system Back Many organs working together Example: digestive system

Front Two types of cellular transport Back Active and passive transport

Front Active transport Back cell does use energy to move particles Moves particles from Low concentration to high concentration

Front Types of active transport Back Endocytosis Exocytosis

Front Endocytosis Back Particles moving into a cell using energy Low concentration to high concentration

Front exocytosis Back Particles leaving a cell using energy Low concentration to high concentration

Front Passive transport Back cell moving particles without using energy High concentration to low concentration

Front Types of passive transport Back Osmosis diffusion

Front osmosis Back Movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane to reach equilibrium High to low concentration

Front Diffusion Back movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Example: odors spreading out through a room

Front When comparing two solutions there are three possible relationships Back Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic

Front Hypertonic Back A solution that causes a cell to shrink because of osmosis. Meaning water leaves the cell.

Front Hypotonic Back. A solution that causes a cell to swell because of osmosis meaning water rushes into the cell.

Front Isotonic Back A solution that causes no change in cell size. Meaning there is no net movement of water.

Front Autotroph Back Organism that makes their own food Example: plants

Front Heterotroph Back Organisms that eat other organisms Example: animals

Front Photosynthesis Back The process by which the energy of sunlight is converted into the energy of glucose

Front Formula for photosynthesis Back Uses: Sunlight, Water, Carbon Dioxide Makes: Sugar (glucose) and Oxygen

Front Chlorophyll Back The pigment inside the chloroplast that absorbs light for photosynthesis

Front Cellular respiration Back The release of chemical energy (ATP) in the mitochondria for use by cells.

Front Formula for cellular respiration Back Uses: Sugar (glucose) and Oxygen Makes: Energy (ATP), Water, Carbon Dioxide

Front Equilibrium Back The concentration of particles is equal inside and outside of cells

Front Semi-permeable Back Some things can pass through a membrane but others can’t

Front Steps of the cell cycle Back Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis

Front Interphase Back DNA copies itself, you can see the nucleus, and the cell grows

Front DNA replication Back DNA copying itself

Front Steps of Mitosis Back Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Front Prophase Back Nucleus disappears and you can see the chromosomes

Front metaphase Back Chromosomes line up in the middle

Front Anaphase Back Chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell

Front Telophase Back Cell starts to split into two cells and new nucleus forms

Front Cytokinesis Back Cell divides in two

Front Chromosome Back Made of DNA and found in the nucleus

Front Initials of the cell cycle Back IPIP M A T

Study your flashcards for the rest of class