Unit 7 Review Romanesque Where did Romanesque art and architecture flourish during medieval times? (generally speaking, refer to the map of page 448)

Unit 7 Review Romanesque Romanesque translates to “like the Romans”. List characteristics of work from this time period that is both similar and different from the Roman era. Similarities Differences Basilica style Arches Barrel vaults and groin vaults Relatively simplified/plain exterior Reemergence of large sculpture Did not use concrete (stone) Use of flat, timber roofs Larger scale Incrustation in Romanesque (colored stone detailing)

Unit 7 Review Romanesque 3. Differentiate the views of the Cluniac monks from the Cistercian monks (page 453) and describe the effects their views had on the production of art and architecture during this time period. (Note who Saint Benedict and Abbot Bernard of Clairvaux are, and what their views were. Pages 453 and 460/461) Cluniac Cistercian Despise ornate decoration Disdain of lavish architecture Valued contemplation in churches

Unit 7 Review Romanesque 4. What role did monasteries play in the production of illuminates manuscripts? Understand the context of the illuminated manuscript depicting Hildegard and Volmar by reading the excerpt on page 473.

Unit 7 Review Romanesque 5. Be able to identify all of the parts of a typical Romanesque portal (reference the handout completed in class). Describe the stylistic qualities of a typical Last Judgment scene depicted in the tympanum of a Romanesque cathedral’s portal. Why was this scene located here? What message did it send to viewers?

Unit 7 Review Romanesque 5. (continued) Why was the trumeau of the Lions and Old Testament Prophet (page 464) significant? Compare this trumeau statue to that of Christ, page 495. (Note the differing emotional message and engagement with the architecture)

Unit 6 Review Romanesque 6. How is the Morgan Madonna (Virgin and Child from your important works list, page 468), which is depicted as the Throne of Wisdom, similar and different from the popular Byzantine Theotokos (pages 340 and 342) theme?

Unit 7 Review Romanesque 7. How is the style of the baptismal font by Rainer of Huy (page 467/468) classical?

Unit 7 Review Gothic 1. The Gothic style first appeared in northern France around 1140, referred to as the Ile-de-France. This was the original center of power of the French kings. Locate this area on the map from page 480.

Unit 7 Review Gothic Pointed arches over the nave Ribbed groin vaults 2. Major architectural innovations of the Gothic artistic time period include: How did these innovations change the interior appearance (and decorations possible) of cathedrals? Pointed arches over the nave Ribbed groin vaults Flying buttresses More decorative allowed stained-glass

Unit 6 Review Gothic 2. (continued) How did these innovations change the exterior appearance? Open and delicate structural features; appeared decorative, too

Unit 7 Review Gothic 3. Describe the changes that occur in sculpture between the Early Gothic and High Gothic time periods. Explain how these changes justify the phrase “Classical Revolution” being applied to Gothic sculpture. (Look specifically at the jamb statues from the Royal Portal of the Chartres Cathedral, page 484 for Early Gothic; jamb statues from Reims Cathedral, page 497, and Ekkehard and Uta, page 513, for High Gothic)

Unit 7 Review Gothic Produced in workshops, rather than monasteries 4. How does illuminated manuscript production change in the Gothic era? Reference the two examples from your list of important works to describe figural and stylistic qualities depicted in manuscripts from the Gothic era. Produced in workshops, rather than monasteries

Unit 7 Review Gothic 5. How does the Shrine of the Three Kings reflect the values of the Gothic artistic time period, including the preferred way to represent figures? -lavish decorations and emphasis on minor arts to decorate church interiors -classical figural representation, depiction of architecture surrounding human figures (like jamb statues and tympanum sculpture)

Unit 7 Review Architecture 1. St. Sernin is considered a typical pilgrimage church type. How did religious pilgrimages across Europe influence Romanesque architecture, as reflected in the plan shown? How can one tell that the architects focused on geometry and symmetry? (include the important of the cross-square) Early Christian, Santa Sabina plan, 422-432; Romanesque, St. Sernin, Toulouse, France, 1070-1120

Unit 7 Review Architecture 2. Why is Durham Cathedral, shown above, important to the development of the Gothic style (page 457)? Ribbed groin vault over 3 story nave Quadrant arches (precedent for flying buttresses) Early Christian, Santa Sabina plan, 422-432; Romanesque, St. Sernin, Toulouse, France, 1070-1120 16

Unit 7 Review Architecture 3. Who played an important role influencing Gothic design, as illustrated at Saint-Denis church in France? What were his views on how a church should be constructed or decorated? (read the excerpt on page 481) Abbot Suger Early Christian, Santa Sabina plan, 422-432; Romanesque, St. Sernin, Toulouse, France, 1070-1120 17

Unit 7 Review Architecture 4. What architectural solution allows for the towering heights of Gothic cathedrals as well as the use of stained glass windows? Which Gothic cathedral is shown? Early Christian, Santa Sabina plan, 422-432; Romanesque, St. Sernin, Toulouse, France, 1070-1120 18

Unit 6 Review Architecture 5. Chartres Cathedral provided a new norm for High Gothic religious structures. What changes were made to the plan that allowed the nave to be perceived as a continuous hall? Early Christian, Santa Sabina plan, 422-432; Romanesque, St. Sernin, Toulouse, France, 1070-1120 19

Unit 7 Review Architecture 6. Describe the three main elements of the interior elevation of Chartres Cathedral (page 486, figure 18-9, and 489-490). clerestory triforium Early Christian, Santa Sabina plan, 422-432; Romanesque, St. Sernin, Toulouse, France, 1070-1120 nave arcade 20

Unit 7 Review Architecture 7. How were the fan vaults from the Chapel of Henry the VII (page 508) fundamentally different from other rib vaulting of earlier Gothic architecture? Early Christian, Santa Sabina plan, 422-432; Romanesque, St. Sernin, Toulouse, France, 1070-1120 21

Unit 7 Review Architecture 8. Discuss how façade treatments change between Romanesque (Saint Etienne, page 456), Early Gothic (Chartres Cathedral, page 483) and High Gothic (Reims Cathedral, page 496). Early Christian, Santa Sabina plan, 422-432; Romanesque, St. Sernin, Toulouse, France, 1070-1120 22

Medieval, Romanesque, St Medieval, Romanesque, St. Sernin nave, 1080-1120; Medieval Gothic, Leon (Spain) Cathedral nave, 1250-1275