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Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp
Gothic Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp
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Topics High Gothic Architecture Techniques of Medieval Gothic Builders
Cathedral of Notre-Dame at Chartres, France Cathedral of St. Etienne at Bourges Cathedral at Riems Sainte-Chappelle Techniques of Medieval Gothic Builders
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High Gothic Architecture
The introduction of the flying buttress at Notre-Dame, Paris integrated the three components of Gothic architecture Rib vaults Flying buttress Pointed arch Redundant features of Romanesque architecture were deleted from future structures
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High Gothic Architecture
The High Gothic saw the erection of churches with increasingly refined artistic and structural features First major monument of the High Gothic was the Cathedral of Notre-Dame at Chartres, France
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High Gothic Architecture
Cathedral of Notre-Dame at Chartres, France Flying buttresses were planned from the start so that galleries over the aisles could be eliminated The site had long been sacred to the Virgin Mary The cathedral was believed to have housed a tunic worn by Mary Became a center of pilgrimage for Christians
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High Gothic Architecture
Cathedral of Notre-Dame at Chartres, France 1194 Fire destroyed the wooden roof of the basilica Bishop of Pisa declared that it was sign Ordered the construction of a larger church at the cathedral Gothic cathedral at Chartres was built in a span of about twenty-six years (1194 – 1220) Completed cathedral glows inside with a wonderful luminosity
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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High Gothic Architecture
Cathedral of St. Etienne at Bourges Illustrates a contrasting design approach to that in Chartres Many cathedrals in northern Spain are based upon this structure Builders wanted to dramatize the sense of verticality and light Elevated its vaults 113-ft over a 53-ft nave
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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High Gothic Architecture
Cathedral at Riems Begun in 1211 after fire had destrued the previous structure Based on Chartres Features a greater sensation of height by adjusting the proportions of the nave Most glorious view is from it west front
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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High Gothic Architecture
Amiens Cathedral The tallest completed French Gothic church Begun in 1220 and finished by 1269 Scale is truly gigantic Portals dwarf the worshiper Rose window is dwarfed by the immense façade The aisle vaults rise some 60-ft from the inside The glass creates the sensation of being within a huge fragile cage
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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High Gothic Architecture
Sainte-Chappelle, Paris Built to house relics King Louis IX had acquired from Constantinople Included the Crown of Thorns and a piece of the True Cross Two levels Ground floor chapel for use by household servants Upper chapel surrounded by stained glass lancet windows For use by the royal family
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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High Gothic Architecture
Techniques of Medieval Gothic builders Notebook of Villard de Honnecourt Contains a wide range of observations and drawings Geometry problems and their solutions Timber roof trusses Sculpture and carved ornament Nature sketches Church plans
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High Gothic Architecture
Techniques of Medieval Gothic builders Geometry was the theoretical core of medieval architecture Masons established basic building dimensions by a module, and derived all other measurements through the manipulation of compass and straightedge Masons’ secrets were no more than plane geometry and the use of triangles, squares, pentagons, and other figures to generate proportional lines
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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High Gothic Architecture
Photo: Sullivan
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References Sullivan, Mary; http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/
Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to Postmodernity Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture
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Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp
Gothic Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp
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