Totalitarianism Unit 5 Study Guide Chapter 15Pages

Chapter 15 Section 1 pages

An Age of Uncertainty Chapter 15 Section 1pages Speaker Notes

Science Challenges Old Ideas  Albert Einstein and Sigmund Freud are two important thinkers of the 20 th century.  Einstein’s theory of relativity overturns accepted laws of motion and gravity.  Freud’s theories about human behavior weaken faith in reason. Speaker Notes

Literature in the Age of Doubt  Disillusionment over the brutality of WWI causes such writers as T.S. Eliot and Jean Paul Sarte to question traditional religious values.  Freud’s theories on unconscious influence the novels of James Joyce and others. Speaker Notes

Rebellion in the Arts  Artists rebel against earlier realism and move in such new directions as Dadaism and surrealism.  Architects reject tradition for completely new styles, such as functionalism.  New Musical forms, such as jazz, develop in both classical and popular music. Speaker Notes

Society Becomes More Open  In the 1920’s, young people are willing to break with the past and experiment with different values.  Women take on new roles. Speaker Notes

Technology Changes Life  After WWI ends, the war’s technological advances are used to improve transportation and communication.  The automobile affects where people live and work and increases leisure travel.  International air travel increases.  Radio and movies provide outlets for entertainment. Speaker Notes

A Global Depression Chapter 15 Section 2pages

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Europe After the War  The new European democracies created after WWI are weak.  Frequent changes in government make it hard for democracies to develop strong leadership.  Many Germans blame the democratic Weimar Republic for their country’s problems.  Dawes Plan helps Germany curb inflation and build its economy.  The Kellogg-Briand Pact raises hopes for world peace. Speaker Notes

Weimer Republic

The Great Depression  In the late 1920’s the U.S. economy has serious weaknesses.  In October, 1929, the U.S. stock market crashes and leads to a severe economic slump.  The Great Depression causes business failures and bank closures.  The collapse of the U.S. economy leads to a global depression. Speaker Notes

The World Responds to the Crisis  The great Depression challenges democratic political systems in Europe and the United States.  Britain forms a coalition national government that preserves democracy.  In France, the Depression contributes to political instability, but democracy survives.  In Scandinavia, Socialist governments build successful recovery programs based on cooperative community action.  Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal reform program starts an economic recovery in the U.S. Speaker Notes

Fascism Rises in Europe Chapter 15Section 3Pages

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Fascist Beliefs and Policies

Mussolini Comes to Power in Italy  In Italy, fascism gains followers because of disappointment over the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, inflation, and unemployment.  Benito Mussolini gains supporters because he is seen as a strong leader.  In October 1922, after Fascists march on Rome, Mussolini takes charge of Italy’s government. Speaker Notes

Hitler Takes Control in Germany  The German brand of fascism is called Nazism.  Adolf Hitler’s skills as an organizer and speaker help him become head of the Nazi Party.  Hitler’s book, Mein Kampf, sets forth his anti- Semitic beliefs and his plans for conquests.  Germany’s economic problems and the fear of the Communist Party help Hitler take power legally.  Hitler uses his power to turn Germany into a totalitarian state. Speaker Notes

Other Countries Fall to Dictators  In Hungary and Poland, the new democratic governments formed after WWI fall to dictators.  In Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, and Romania, kings suspend constitutions and turn to strongman rule.  By 1935, Czechoslovakia is the only democracy in eastern Europe.  Eastern Europeans turn to dictatorship because they see authoritarian rule as the only way to prevent instability. Speaker Notes

Aggressors on the March Chapter 15 Section 4Pages

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World Drifts Toward War  In the 1930’s, military leaders take control of Japan. They seize Manchuria and invade China.  Mussolini invades Ethiopia.  Hitler rebuilds the armed forces of Germany and moves troops into the Rhineland.  League of Nations fails to stop aggression.  Germany, Italy and Japan become allies as the Axis Powers.  Civil War in Spain leads to a dictatorship and serves as a preview to World War II. Speaker Notes

Western Democracies Fail to Halt Aggression  In the 1930’s, the U.S. follows an isolationist foreign policy in an effort to keep out of war.  Germany annexes Austria and takes the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia.  Following a policy of appeasement, France and Britain do not stop Hitler’s seizure of Czechoslovakia.  Germany and the Soviet Union sign a nonaggression pact. Speaker Notes