NOTE: To change the image on this slide, select the picture and delete it. Then click the Pictures icon in the placeholder to insert your own image. WHOSE IDEA WAS IT REALLY? Research, References, Citations, and Plagiarism

 What is Research?  What types of Sources are valid?  When do we use references and why?  Is a citation really needed?  What happens if I plagiarize?  Tools for Detecting Plagiarism  Define Reference or Bibliography  Define Citation  Define Plagiarism  MLA Formatting

What is Research?  What kind of information are you looking for? Do you want facts? Opinions? News reports? Research studies? Analyses? Personal reflections? History?  Where would be a likely place to look? Which sources are likely to be most useful to you? Libraries? The Internet? Academic periodicals? Newspapers? Government records? If, for example, you are searching for information on some current event, a reliable newspaper like the New York Times will be a useful source. Are you searching for statistics on some aspect of the U.S. population? Then, start with documents such as United States census reports. Do you want some scholarly interpretations of literature? If so, academic periodicals and books are likely to have what you’re looking for. Want to know about commercial products? Will those companies have Web sites with information? Are you searching for local history? Then a county library, government office, or local newspaper archive is likely to be the most useful.  How much information do you need? How many sources of information are you looking for? Do you need to view both sides of the issue?

Valid Resources Primary Resource  Interviews  Observations  Surveys  Evaluations Secondary Resource  Books  Journals  Websites (Internet)  Periodicals  Multi-media  Flyers  Government Reports  Advertising

Valid Resources (cont.)  The world is full of information to be found—however, not all of it is valid, useful, or accurate. Evaluating sources of information that you are considering using in your writing is an important step in any research activity.  Evaluating resources is a skill. You have to know what is reliable, factual, or usable information. Is it biased information? Does it fit the need for your specific project?  Clues can be found in the citation of your source. Don’t waste time reading a study if the citation is an advertising agency or ‘for-profit’ resource.  As you read a resource… Is what you are reading fact, opinion, or propaganda?  A resource could be valid for one person’s project, but not for another.

References Definition  3: something that refers: asrefers  a : ALLUSION, MENTION ALLUSION MENTION  b : something (as a sign or indication) that refers a reader or consulter to another source of information (as a book or passage)  c : consultation of sources of information Used definition part 3 for our purposes Where is a Reference Located  Depending on the format of your work, references would be listed in the Bibliography, Works Cited page, or Reference page at the end of your work.  In a presentation, you would place references in the slide or on the notes coordinating with the topic slide

References cont. What type of information is needed?  Author  Title of Work  Publication date  Volume (if applies)  Publisher  Web address (if applies)  Page numbers How do I format this information?  What format are you using?  MLA or APA  Purdue Owl  Has your teacher given you any other instructions?

Citations Definition  1 an official summons to appear (as before a court)  2  a : an act of quoting; especially : the citing of a previously settled case at law  b : EXCERPT, QUOTATION EXCERPT QUOTATION  3  : MENTION : as MENTION  a : a formal statement of the achievements of a person receiving an academic honor  b : specific reference in a military dispatch to meritorious performance of duty For our purposes, we are using definition 2b Where is a citation located?  A citation is located in the body of the text of your work  Depending on the style you are using, will determine if you cite at the beginning, end of sentence, or end of section

Citations cont. What type of information is needed?  Author  Title of Work  Web address (if applies)  Page numbers How do I format this information?  What format are you using?  MLA or APA  Purdue Owl  Has your teacher given you any other instructions?

Plagiarism Definition  : the act of using another person's words or ideas without giving credit to that person : the act of plagiarizing something  Plagiarism Detection  Teachers and colleges use detection services to scan your work to find out how much of your work is not yours  A percentage will be presented that shows how much of your work is taken from other sources  If you cite and reference correctly, you will not plagiarize

Plagiarism Tools Tools You and Teachers Can Use to Detect Plagiarism Errors  Grammerly  Paper Rater  Plagiarism Checker  Small SEO Tools  Top 8 Plagiarism Detector Tools for Teachers (article with links) op-8-plagiarism-detector-tools-for.html  Turnitin.com  Viper Plagiarism Scanner

Plagiarism cont. What can happen if I plagiarize?  Failing grade  Loss of Reputation  Suspension  Expulsion from school or college  Remediation courses  Extra Homework How do I prevent plagiarism?  Learn what Plagiarism is  Be mindful while doing research and track resources  Paraphrase  Cite  Quote  Reference  Remember to Cite your own material if used before

The Life of Harper Lee What do we know about her? What can we learn about her? What resources can we use? How do we distinguish the information we found to see if a citation is necessary?

Information We “Know” Student Feedback Activity… (Fill in information here)

Information We “Found” Student Research Activity (Utilize computers and resources to determine facts regarding the topic)

Discussion Compare what we “know” versus what we “found”

MLA Formatting MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (7 th ed.) and the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing(3 rd ed.), offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page.

Works Cited Page   Example time stamped 1:57-2:50 on video  Double Spaced  Heading is Centered  Hanging indent  Proper formatting:  Alphabetical by Authors last name then first, do not use titles such as Mr. Mrs. Etc  Capitalize Titles, but not articles like to, a, and  Use italics for larger works (books, journals)  Use quotations for smaller works (articles, poems)  URLs are no longer required, except on instructor based preference… list at end of reference

In-Text Citations  Basic Citation Details  4 Lines or More Differences   Example time stamped 1:55-4:10 and 7:05-8:40 on video

Review  Make it a habit now, while doing research, to track your resources.  Use notecards, sticky notes, or a notebook to keep a list of sites, books, authors, and other important information.  Plagiarism can have disastrous results for a student. As you are preparing for college, make sure you know when citations and references are required.  Know what format is being used in order to cite and reference properly.