Lesson 10.1: Sponges *Refer to Chapter 5 in your Textbook Tube Sponge (Callyspongia vaginalis) Vase Sponge (Ircinia campana)

Learning Goals: I can label the anatomy of a sea sponge. I can differentiate between the types of sea sponges. I can explain the various ways sponges can reproduce. I can describe natural & human uses of a sea sponge.

What is an animal? Multicelluar Eukaryotic Cannot produce their own food Heterotrophic! Invertebrate: lacks vertebral column (backbone) Vertebrate: posses a vertebral column

Phylum Porifera = Sponges Types based on skeletal structure: Calcareous: spicules made of calcium carbonate or chalk Siliceous: spicules made of silica or glass Spongin: no spicules, support structures made of protein fiber (primarily used in commercial use)

Variety of Shapes & Sizes of Sponges:

Sponge Characteristics: Simplest invertebrates in the ocean Lack tissues, organs, & systems Asymmetrical (no symmetry) Generally found in warm, clear, shallow waters (tropical) Help contribute to coral reefs & provide habitat Sessile = attached to a permanent surface

Sponge Structure: Ostia: small incurrent pore Osculum: large excurrent pore Spongocoel: central body cavity Choanocytes (collar cells): trap food Spicules: support structures

Sponge Feeding: Filter feeders: 1.) Suck in water & plankton through the ostia 2.) Plankton gets trapped by the collar cells 3.) Water exits through the osculum

Sponge Reproduction: Asexual: Budding: cells on the outer surface of a sponge develop into a new sponge, once it reaches certain size it drops off from parent Fragmentation: a piece of sponge breaks off to become a new sponge Sexual: hermaphrodite, release eggs and sperm during spawning, larva settle and develop into sponges

Sponge Reproduction:

Sponge Ecological Roles: Recycle calcium Habitats for smaller organisms Symbiotic relationships Human Use: Takes about 5 yrs to reach marketable size 5 inches = $10 Bath purposes Artwork